DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE DÉFICIT HÍDRICO NA CONCENTRAÇÃO DA FLORADA E SEUS EFEITOS NO CRESCIMENTO VEGETATIVO DE GENÓTIPOS DE Coffea arabica NA REGIÃO DO ALTO PARANAÍBA-MG
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Data
2009
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Resumo
A uniformização da maturação dos frutos do cafeeiro, e, conseqüentemente, melhorias na sua qualidade pós-colheita podem ser alcançadas pela aplicação de déficit hídrico, no período pré-florada, uma vez que o déficit hídrico pode promover a concentração da florada, no tempo. Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar os efeitos de diferentes níveis e, ou, épocas de aplicação de déficit hídrico no crescimento vegetativo e na florada de dois genótipos de café arábica, Catuaí Vermelho e Bourbon Amarelo, sob as condições edafoclimáticas do Alto Paranaíba. Este experimento foi realizado em lavouras fertirrigadas, com 18 meses de idade, no delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com sete tratamentos e quatro repetições. Para imposição dos níveis de déficit (tratamentos), a irrigação foi suspensa e retomada em diferentes épocas: T1: irrigado continuamente; T2: 09/06 a 07/09 – 90 dias de déficit; T3: 23/06 a 25/08 – 63 dias de déficit; T4: 23/06 a 07/09 – 76 dias de déficit; T5: 07/07 a 25/08 – 49 dias de déficit; T6: 07/07 a 07/09 – 62 dias de déficit; T7: 21/07 a 07/09 – 48 dias de déficit, de forma que imediatamente antes da retomada da irrigação, o potencial hídrico foliar de antemanhã era de -0,04, -1,42, -0,28, -1,15, -0,41, -1,23, -1,15 MPa para o Catuaí; e de -0,05, -0,91, - 0,21, -0,71, -0,17, -0,83 e -0,57 MPa para o Bourbon, respectivamente. O crescimento vegetativo do cafeeiro e a porcentagem de botões florais e flores foram avaliados. O cultivar Catuaí experimentou potenciais hídricos mais reduzidos que o Bourbon, para um mesmo período de déficit. Para o Catuaí, a retomada da irrigação induziu a abertura de flores, com resposta dependente do nível de déficit, sendo que as plantas sob irrigação continuada não apresentaram flores nessa mesma época. Para o Bourbon, mesmo o maior nível de déficit não foi eficaz para concentrar a florada. O crescimento dos cafeeiros, a longo prazo, não foi afetado pelos diferentes níveis de déficit hídrico. Independentemente do genótipo de café arábica, o estádio de desenvolvimento do botão floral e as condições edafoclimáticas locais devem ser levadas em consideração para obter-se sucesso na concentração da florada.
Synchronization of fruit ripening in coffee plants and hence the improvement of post harvest fruit quality can be achieved by the application of water deficit in the pre-flowering stage, since the water deficit may concentrate blossoming in time. This work aimed to investigate the effects of different levels and times of water deficit application either on the vegetative growth and blossoming concentrations in two Coffea arabica genotypes (Red Catuaí and Yellow Bourbon), grown under edafoclimatic conditions at the Alto Paranaíba area. This experiment was conducted in drip irrigated crops, 18 months-old, under a completely randomized blocks design, with seven treatments and four replicates. Different levels of water deficits (different treatments) were imposed by the suspension and recovering of irrigation at different times: T1: continuously irrigated; T2: June 09 to September 07 - 90 days of water deficit; T3: June 09 to August 25 - 63 days of water deficit; T4: June 23 to September 07 - 76 days of water deficit; T5: July 07 to August 25 - 49 days of water deficit; T6: July 07 to September 07 - 62 days of water deficit; T7: July 21 to September 07 - 48 days of water deficit. Hence, immediately before irrigation recovering, the predawn leaf water potentials of those treatments were -0.04, -1. 42, -0.28, -1.15, -0.41, -1.23 and -1.15 MPa for Catuaí, and -0.05, -0.91, -0.21, -0.71, - 0.17, -0.83 and -0.57 MPa for Bourbon, respectively. Vegetative growth and the percentage of flower bud and opened flower were evaluated. For the same period of water deficit, the water potential were lower (more negative) in Catuaí than em Bourbon. For the Catuaí cultivar, the recovering of irrigation induced flower blossoming and such effect was dependent of water deficit level. Moreover, the plants which were continuously irrigated practically did not show any flowers at this time. For the Bourbon, even the highest level of water deficit was inefficient to blossoming concentration. Growth of coffee plants measured along the whole growing station was not affected by any water deficit level. Regardless the coffee Arabica genotype, the maturation stage of flower bud on the reproductive nodes and the edafoclimatic conditions of a particular area must be taking into account to the success of blossoming concentration.
Synchronization of fruit ripening in coffee plants and hence the improvement of post harvest fruit quality can be achieved by the application of water deficit in the pre-flowering stage, since the water deficit may concentrate blossoming in time. This work aimed to investigate the effects of different levels and times of water deficit application either on the vegetative growth and blossoming concentrations in two Coffea arabica genotypes (Red Catuaí and Yellow Bourbon), grown under edafoclimatic conditions at the Alto Paranaíba area. This experiment was conducted in drip irrigated crops, 18 months-old, under a completely randomized blocks design, with seven treatments and four replicates. Different levels of water deficits (different treatments) were imposed by the suspension and recovering of irrigation at different times: T1: continuously irrigated; T2: June 09 to September 07 - 90 days of water deficit; T3: June 09 to August 25 - 63 days of water deficit; T4: June 23 to September 07 - 76 days of water deficit; T5: July 07 to August 25 - 49 days of water deficit; T6: July 07 to September 07 - 62 days of water deficit; T7: July 21 to September 07 - 48 days of water deficit. Hence, immediately before irrigation recovering, the predawn leaf water potentials of those treatments were -0.04, -1. 42, -0.28, -1.15, -0.41, -1.23 and -1.15 MPa for Catuaí, and -0.05, -0.91, -0.21, -0.71, - 0.17, -0.83 and -0.57 MPa for Bourbon, respectively. Vegetative growth and the percentage of flower bud and opened flower were evaluated. For the same period of water deficit, the water potential were lower (more negative) in Catuaí than em Bourbon. For the Catuaí cultivar, the recovering of irrigation induced flower blossoming and such effect was dependent of water deficit level. Moreover, the plants which were continuously irrigated practically did not show any flowers at this time. For the Bourbon, even the highest level of water deficit was inefficient to blossoming concentration. Growth of coffee plants measured along the whole growing station was not affected by any water deficit level. Regardless the coffee Arabica genotype, the maturation stage of flower bud on the reproductive nodes and the edafoclimatic conditions of a particular area must be taking into account to the success of blossoming concentration.
Descrição
Trabalho apresentado no Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (6. : 2009 : Vitória, ES). Anais Brasília, D.F: Embrapa - Café, 2011
Palavras-chave
Coffea arabica, irrigação, floração., Coffea arabica, irrigation, flowering.
Citação
Silva, Thiago Oliveira; Ribeiro, Jéssica Guimarães; Andrade, Marcos Vinícius Soares Faria Silva, Max Afonso Alves da Araújo, Fernando Couto de; Almeida, Wellington Luiz de; Drumond, Luís César Dias; Ronchi, Cláudio Pagotto. Diferentes níveis de déficit hídrico na concentração da florada e seus efeitos no crescimento vegetativo de genótipos de Coffea arabica, na região do Alto Paranaíba-MG. In: Simpósio de Pesquisa dos cafés do Brasil (6. : 2009 : Vitória, ES). Anais Brasília, D.F: Embrapa - Café, 2011 (1 CD-ROM), 6p.