Variação de características físicas e químicas de café durante a torra. Parte II: Características químicas
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Data
2001
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Resumo
A qualidade final da bebida café, intrinsecamente relacionada à composição dos grãos torrados, é influenciada pelas características da matéria-prima e pelas condições de processamento pós-colheita. No entanto, existe enorme carência de conhecimentos que permitam o estabelecimento de uma correlação entre as características da matéria-prima, os parâmetros de processo e a qualidade do produto. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho (partes I e II) teve como objetivo a avaliação da variação de características físicas e químicas dos grãos de café durante a torra. As características avaliadas foram: volume, densidades aparente e de grãos, perda de massa dos grãos, composição química e pH do extrato aquoso de café. O presente artigo (parte II) é referente à evolução de características químicas do café durante a torra. Foi desenvolvida uma metodologia de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência para quantificação simultânea de trigonelina, ácido-5-cafeiolquínico (5-ACQ) e cafeína em extratos aquosos de café. Observou-se que o pH do extrato aquoso diminui ao início da fase de pirólise até atingir um valor mínimo, aumentando em seguida. Os resultados referentes à variação da composição química do extrato demonstraram que: i) a concentração de cafeína permanece constante durante a torra; ii) a razão 5-ACQ/cafeína permanece constante durante a fase de secagem e diminui a uma taxa constante durante a fase de pirólise; e iii) a razão trigonelina/cafeína diminui após o ponto de pH mínimo ser atingido. Uma comparação entre as características de amostras de café bebida riada/rio (C1) e bebida mole (C2) demonstrou que o café C1 apresentou maior pH e teores similares de trigonelina, 5-ACQ e cafeína.
The quality of coffee used for beverage is strictly related to the chemical composition of the roasted grains, which is affected by the compositon of the green beans and the processing conditions. The roasting process is not well understood, thus making it difficult to establish a correlation among green coffee properties, processing conditons, and product quality. The main objetive of the present study was the evaluation of the variation of physical and chemical properties of coffee beans during roasting. The following characteristics were evaluated: volume, bulk and apparent densities, and weight loss of the beans; chemical composition and pH of the acqueous extract obtained from the beans. This paper (part II) concerns the evolution of the chemical properties of coffee during roasting. A High Performance Liquid Chromatography methodology was developed for simultaneous quantification of trigonelline, 5-cafeoylquinic acid and caffeine in acqueous coffee extracts. The results showed that the pH of the acqueous extract decreases at the beginning of the pyrolysis phase, reaches a minimum value and increases again. The results regarding variations in the chemical composition of the acqueous extract have shown that: i) caffeine concentration remains constant during roasting; ii) the 5-CQA/caffeine ratio remains constant during the drying phase and decreases at a constant rate during the pyrolysis phase; and iii) the trigonelline/caffeine ratio decreases after the minimum pH is reached. A comparison between the characteristics of coffees type C1 (rio-y/rio) and type C2 (soft) showed that coffee type C1 presented higher pH values and approximately the same values of trigonelline, 5-CQA and caffeine concentrations compared to coffee type C2.
The quality of coffee used for beverage is strictly related to the chemical composition of the roasted grains, which is affected by the compositon of the green beans and the processing conditions. The roasting process is not well understood, thus making it difficult to establish a correlation among green coffee properties, processing conditons, and product quality. The main objetive of the present study was the evaluation of the variation of physical and chemical properties of coffee beans during roasting. The following characteristics were evaluated: volume, bulk and apparent densities, and weight loss of the beans; chemical composition and pH of the acqueous extract obtained from the beans. This paper (part II) concerns the evolution of the chemical properties of coffee during roasting. A High Performance Liquid Chromatography methodology was developed for simultaneous quantification of trigonelline, 5-cafeoylquinic acid and caffeine in acqueous coffee extracts. The results showed that the pH of the acqueous extract decreases at the beginning of the pyrolysis phase, reaches a minimum value and increases again. The results regarding variations in the chemical composition of the acqueous extract have shown that: i) caffeine concentration remains constant during roasting; ii) the 5-CQA/caffeine ratio remains constant during the drying phase and decreases at a constant rate during the pyrolysis phase; and iii) the trigonelline/caffeine ratio decreases after the minimum pH is reached. A comparison between the characteristics of coffees type C1 (rio-y/rio) and type C2 (soft) showed that coffee type C1 presented higher pH values and approximately the same values of trigonelline, 5-CQA and caffeine concentrations compared to coffee type C2.
Descrição
Trabalho apresentado no Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (2. : 2001 : Vitória, ES). Resumos. Brasília, D.F. : Embrapa Café, 2001. 181p. : il.
Palavras-chave
Café Torra Características químicas, Coffee roasting Qality of beverage.
Citação
Vitorino, M. D.; Franca, A. S.; Oliveira, L. S.; Andrade, F. M. Variação de características físicas e químicas de café durante a torra. Parte II: Características químicas. In: Simpósio Brasileiro de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (2. : 2001 : Vitória, ES). Anais. Brasília, D.F. : Embrapa Café, 2001. (CD-ROM), p. 1596-1604