Resíduos de fungicidas em folhas de cafeeiro, submetidos à precipitação pluviométrica, no controle da ferrugem
Data
2018-07-17
Autores
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
A ferrugem do cafeeiro causada pelo fungo Hemileia vastatrix vem causando grandes perdas na cafeicultura ao longo dos anos. O controle químico envolvendo fungicidas sistêmicos e protetores tem sido uma ferramenta importante, visando controle eficiente e evitando o surgimento de mutantes resistentes, na população do fungo aos fungicidas sistêmicos. Dentro os produtos mais utilizados, destacam-se os fungicidas cúpricos, preventivamente por sua eficiência, na inibição da germinação dos esporos; quando a incidência atinge 5 %, nos anos de alta carga de frutos pendentes nas plantas, torna-se necessário a utilização de fungicidas sistêmicos. A ocorrência de chuva tem efeito direto no sucesso do controle, pois pode alterar a dinâmica dos fungicidas na superfície foliar. Neste trabalho foi avaliado os efeitos e ocorrências de chuvas após aplicação de fungicidas sistêmicos e protetores, em folhas de cafeeiro, no controle da ferrugem. Foram realizados dois experimentos em casa de vegetação, onde as folhas destacadas de Coffea arabica var. Caturra foram submetidas a uma chuva de 30 mm. No primeiro teste avaliou-se fungicidas sistêmicos (epoxiconazole + piraclostrobina), hidróxido de cobre, sulfato de zinco e ácido bórico, misturados e sozinhos, utilizando a dose comercial. As folhas foram atomizadas e em seguida submetidas a chuva. No primeiro experimento aguardou-se 30 minutos para a aplicação da chuva. Os melhores resultados foram aqueles que continham (epoxiconazole + piraclostrobina) + hidróxido de cobre, onde a severidade foi praticamente zero Independiente do tempo de chuva após pulverização dos tratamentos. Concluiu-se que a aplicação destes fungicidas, mesmo após serem submetidos a chuva, teve controle eficiente da doença. No segundo experimento foi avaliado o oxicloreto de cobre adicionado adjuvantes. Com ocorrência de chuva de 30 mm após os tempos zero, 30, 120 e 480 minutos, depois da pulverização. Os tratamentos mais eficientes foram onde houve a mistura de oxicloreto de cobre 3,0 kg há -1 + OM a 0,75%, demostrando maior retenção na superfície da folha e maior controle da doença. Os menos eficientes foram aqueles que tinham oxicloreto de cobre + PAFE a 0,10% e 0,20%. Conclui-se que o uso de adjuvantes, pode favorecer via tenacidade e eficiência dos produtos, tendo em consideração a formulação do fungicida.
Coffee rust, caused by the fungus Hemileia vastatrix, has been causing significant yield losses of coffee crop over the years. Chemical control involving systemic curative and protective fungicides have been considered important tools, aiming the effective control and avoiding the emergence of resistant mutants in the fungal population to systemic fungicides. Among the most commonly used products, copper fungicides are prominent due to their preventative and efficient mode of action in inhibiting spore germination; when the incidence reaches 5% in the years of high pending fruits’ load, the use of systemic fungicides becomes necessary. In addition, rain has a direct impact on the management success due to the removal of deposits of products on the leaf surface. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the retention time of systemic and protective fungicide residues on coffee leaves submitted to rain, aiming the control of rust. Two experiments were carried out, in which leaves of Coffea arabica var. Caturra were subjected to a 30-mm rainfall treatment. The first assay employed systemic fungicides (epoxiconazole + pyraclostrobin), copper hydroxide, zinc sulfate, and boric acid, mixed and alone, using the commercial dose. The leaves were atomized and then exposed to precipitation regime. In the first experiment, we allowed 30 minutes before the rainfall application. The best results were those containing (epoxiconazole + pyraclostrobin) + copper hydroxide, in which the severity was practically zero. Therefore, the application of these fungicides, even after being submitted to rain, showed effective control over the disease. Copper oxychloride added to the OM and PAFE was used in the second trial. 30-mm rainfall was applied after the times zero, 30, 120, and 480 minutes, respectively after spraying. The most efficient treatments were the mixture of copper oxychloride + OM at 0.75 %, showing greater retention at the leaf surface and greater control of the disease. The least efficient were those having copper oxychloride + 0.10% and 0.20% PAFE. To conclude, the use of mineral oil adjuvant may favor the tenacity and efficiency of the product, taking into account the formulation of the fungicide.
Coffee rust, caused by the fungus Hemileia vastatrix, has been causing significant yield losses of coffee crop over the years. Chemical control involving systemic curative and protective fungicides have been considered important tools, aiming the effective control and avoiding the emergence of resistant mutants in the fungal population to systemic fungicides. Among the most commonly used products, copper fungicides are prominent due to their preventative and efficient mode of action in inhibiting spore germination; when the incidence reaches 5% in the years of high pending fruits’ load, the use of systemic fungicides becomes necessary. In addition, rain has a direct impact on the management success due to the removal of deposits of products on the leaf surface. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the retention time of systemic and protective fungicide residues on coffee leaves submitted to rain, aiming the control of rust. Two experiments were carried out, in which leaves of Coffea arabica var. Caturra were subjected to a 30-mm rainfall treatment. The first assay employed systemic fungicides (epoxiconazole + pyraclostrobin), copper hydroxide, zinc sulfate, and boric acid, mixed and alone, using the commercial dose. The leaves were atomized and then exposed to precipitation regime. In the first experiment, we allowed 30 minutes before the rainfall application. The best results were those containing (epoxiconazole + pyraclostrobin) + copper hydroxide, in which the severity was practically zero. Therefore, the application of these fungicides, even after being submitted to rain, showed effective control over the disease. Copper oxychloride added to the OM and PAFE was used in the second trial. 30-mm rainfall was applied after the times zero, 30, 120, and 480 minutes, respectively after spraying. The most efficient treatments were the mixture of copper oxychloride + OM at 0.75 %, showing greater retention at the leaf surface and greater control of the disease. The least efficient were those having copper oxychloride + 0.10% and 0.20% PAFE. To conclude, the use of mineral oil adjuvant may favor the tenacity and efficiency of the product, taking into account the formulation of the fungicide.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
Palavras-chave
Hemileia vastatrix, Coffea arabica, Chuvas, Controle
Citação
BRENES, E. G. Resíduos de fungicidas em folhas de cafeeiro, submetidos à precipitação pluviométrica, no controle da ferrugem. 2018. 57 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Fitopatologia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa-MG. 2018.