Regulação do etileno em cafeeiros cultivados sob diferentes níveis de déficit hídrico
Data
2018-02-28
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
A cafeicultura é historicamente uma atividade econômica de grande destaque no Brasil, sendo o país atualmente o maior produtor e exportador mundial de café. O cafeeiro apresenta floração do tipo gregária, ou seja, todas as plantas florescem ao mesmo tempo em uma determinada região, entretanto o número de floradas é variável, desde poucas como ocorre no Brasil até muitas como ocorre na Colômbia. O florescimento desuniforme provoca dificuldades relacionadas a colheitas parciais, controle doenças, controle de pragas, redução na qualidade dos grãos e aumento no custo de colheita. O florescimento do cafeeiro é dividido em três fases: iniciação ou diferenciação floral, repouso ou quiescência e abertura floral, com a antese sendo desencadeada pela precipitação ou irrigação após um período de déficit hídrico. A resposta à reidratação tem sido associada a um aumento nos níveis de etileno. Este aumento pode estar envolvido no controle da promoção da antese do cafeeiro. Existem evidências de que este aumento pode estar relacionado ao transporte do precursor do etileno (ACC) da raiz para a parte aérea via sistema vascular. Entretanto, o efeito do déficit hídrico sobre a regulação do etileno e sobre o desenvolvimento do sistema vascular é pouco compreendido. Portanto, estudos neste sentido são fundamentais para compreender o mecanismo de regulação do etileno e do desenvolvimento do sistema vascular em plantas sob déficit hídrico. A elucidação destes mecanismos pode auxiliar na compreensão da influência do etileno no florescimento em trabalhos futuros. Desta forma, este estudo testou a hipótese de que a reidratação provoca um aumento na produção de etileno na parte aérea e que o déficit hídrico afeta o desenvolvimento do sistema vascular em folhas do cafeeiro. Para testar esta hipótese foram feitas análises de expressão gênica e de anatomia. Nas análises de expressão foram analisados o nível de expressão dos genes de biossíntese e sinalização do etileno em mudas de café bem irrigadas e sob déficit hídrico, assim como após a reidratação. Nas análises anatômicas formam feitos cortes transversais em folhas jovens de plantas irrigadas e cultivadas sob estresse. As análises de expressão gênica sugerem que plantas sob déficit hídrico apresentam uma redução na produção de etileno na parte aérea e aumentam a síntese de ACC na raiz. Além disto, sugere que a reidratação provoca uma redução da produção de etileno nas folhas seguido de um aumento em sua síntese. Os dados de anatomia indicam que as folhas das plantas que crescem sob déficit hídrico apresentam maior número de vasos de xilema e maior área do floema.
Coffee cultivation has historically been a major economic activity in Brazil, and Brazil is currently the world's largest producer and exporter of coffee. Coffee trees show flowering of the gregarious type, that is, all plants bloom at the same time in a certain region, however, the number of flowering events is variable, from few events like it occurs in Brazil, to many events as it occurs in Colombia. Asynchronous flowering causes difficulties related to partial harvesting, disease control, pest control, reduction in grain quality, and increases harvesting costs. Coffee flowering is divided into three stages: floral initiation or differentiation, rest or quiescence, and floral opening, or anthesis, being triggered by precipitation or irrigation after a period of water deficit. The response to rehydration has been associated with an increase in ethylene levels. This increase may be involved in the control of coffee anthesis promotion.There is evidence that this increase may be related to the transport of the ethylene precursor (ACC) from the roots to the shoot via the vascular system. However, the effect of water deficit on the regulation of ethylene and on vascular system development is poorly understood. Therefore, studies in this sense are fundamental to understand the mechanism of ethylene regulationand the development of the vascular system in plants under water deficit. The elucidation of these mechanisms may help to understand the influence of ethylene on flowering in future works. In this way,this study tested the hypothesis that rehydration causes a great increase in the ethylene production in the shoot and that water deficit affects the development of the vascular system in leaves of coffee trees. To test this hypothesis, analyzes of gene expression and anatomy were performed. In the gene expression analyzes, the expression levels of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling genes in well-wateredand water deficit plants, as well as after plant rehydration, were analyzed. In the anatomical analyzes, cross sections were made in young leaves of well-watered and water deficit plants. The gene expression analyzes suggest that plants under water deficit show a reductionin the production of ethylene in the shoot and an increase the synthesis of ACC in the root. In addition, it is suggested that rehydration causes a reduction of the ethylene production in the leaves, followed by an increase in their synthesis. Anatomical data indicates that leaves from plants growing under water deficit have a larger number of xylem vessels and larger phloem area.
Coffee cultivation has historically been a major economic activity in Brazil, and Brazil is currently the world's largest producer and exporter of coffee. Coffee trees show flowering of the gregarious type, that is, all plants bloom at the same time in a certain region, however, the number of flowering events is variable, from few events like it occurs in Brazil, to many events as it occurs in Colombia. Asynchronous flowering causes difficulties related to partial harvesting, disease control, pest control, reduction in grain quality, and increases harvesting costs. Coffee flowering is divided into three stages: floral initiation or differentiation, rest or quiescence, and floral opening, or anthesis, being triggered by precipitation or irrigation after a period of water deficit. The response to rehydration has been associated with an increase in ethylene levels. This increase may be involved in the control of coffee anthesis promotion.There is evidence that this increase may be related to the transport of the ethylene precursor (ACC) from the roots to the shoot via the vascular system. However, the effect of water deficit on the regulation of ethylene and on vascular system development is poorly understood. Therefore, studies in this sense are fundamental to understand the mechanism of ethylene regulationand the development of the vascular system in plants under water deficit. The elucidation of these mechanisms may help to understand the influence of ethylene on flowering in future works. In this way,this study tested the hypothesis that rehydration causes a great increase in the ethylene production in the shoot and that water deficit affects the development of the vascular system in leaves of coffee trees. To test this hypothesis, analyzes of gene expression and anatomy were performed. In the gene expression analyzes, the expression levels of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling genes in well-wateredand water deficit plants, as well as after plant rehydration, were analyzed. In the anatomical analyzes, cross sections were made in young leaves of well-watered and water deficit plants. The gene expression analyzes suggest that plants under water deficit show a reductionin the production of ethylene in the shoot and an increase the synthesis of ACC in the root. In addition, it is suggested that rehydration causes a reduction of the ethylene production in the leaves, followed by an increase in their synthesis. Anatomical data indicates that leaves from plants growing under water deficit have a larger number of xylem vessels and larger phloem area.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Reidratação, Anatomia, Florescimento
Citação
CHALFUN JUNIOR, A. Regulação do etileno em cafeeiros cultivados sob diferentes níveis de déficit hídrico. 2018. 57 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Fisiologia Vegetal) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras. 2018.