TEOR FOLIAR DE MACRONUTRIENTES EM CAFEEIROS IRRIGADOS SOB DIFERENTES CRITÉRIOS E DUAS DENSIDADES DE PLANTIO
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2011
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No agrossistema da cafeicultura irrigada não só a água deve ser otimizada, mas todos os insumos dentre os quais os fertilizantes, visando o retorno econômico, a sustentabilidade e a preservação ambiental. Este estudo teve como objetivo estabelecer correlações entre os teores foliares de nutrientes em cafeeiros irrigados e não irrigados em duas densidades de plantio. O experimento foi implantado em área experimental da Universidade Federal e Lavras – MG. O plantio (cultivar Rubi MG 1192) foi realizado em janeiro de 2001. A poda por esqueletamento e decote ocorreu em setembro de 2007. Os tratamentos constaram de: (i) irrigações pelo manejo do balanço hídrico climatológico – software Irriplus (BHC); (ii) irrigações quando a tensão da água do solo à profundidade de 0,25 m atingiu valores próximos a 20 kPa; (iii) irrigações quando a tensão da água do solo à profundidade de 0,25 m atingiu valores próximos a 60 kPa; (iv) testemunha não irrigada e duas densidades de plantio de 3333 (3,0 x 1,0 m), 10000 plantas ha-1 (2,0 x 0,5 m). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Para irrigação das parcelas foi utilizado um sistema de gotejamento. Os dados meteorológicos foram monitorados diariamente de uma estação meteorológica μmetos localizada na área experimental. Para monitoramento das tensões de água do solo foram utilizados tensiômetros instalados nas profundidades de 0,10; 0,25; 0,40 e 0,60 m. Foram avaliados os teores médios foliares dos macronutrientes N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S ao longo de três anos. Os teores médios foliares de P, Ca, Mg e S foram superiores para cafeeiros irrigados. O teor médio foliar de K e N não diferenciou entre cafeeiros irrigados e não irrigados. Na densidade de 10000 plantas ha-1 (2,0 x 0,5 m) ocorreu maiores teores de K e Mg e na de 3333 plantas ha-1 maior teor de Ca. Os teores médios foliares de N, P e S não diferenciaram entre densidades.
Environmental protection, profit, and sustainability of the irrigated coffee production chain relies not only on water use optimization but also on optimization of all others inputs, mainly fertilizers. This study had as objective to determine correlations among leaf–macronutrients content of irrigated and not irrigated coffee growing under different planting densities. The experiment was set up on an experimental area of the Universidade Federal de Lavras – MG. Planting was held in January 2001. Pruning was held on September 2007. Coffee plants growing at two different densities de 3333 (3,0 x 1,0 m) and 10000 plants ha-1 (2,0 x 0,5 m) were submitted to the following treatments: (i) irrigation based on a meteorological soil water balance computed with the help of the Irriplus –software (BHC); (ii) irrigation when the soil water tension at the 0,25 m depth approaches a value near 20kPa; (iii) irrigation when soil water tension at the 0,25 m depth approaches a value 60 kPa; and (iv) a not irrigated control . An experimental design with randomized blocks with split plots and four replications was used. Parcels receiving irrigation were drip irrigated. Meteorological data were collected on a daily basis using an automatic μmetos station. Soil water tension was monitored with tensiometers installed at the depths of 0,10; 0,25; 0,40 e 0,60 m. Leaf contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S were monitored during three consecutive years. Irrigated coffee plants showed higher leaf content of P, Ca, Mg and S. There were no differences on K and N leaf content among irrigated and non- irrigated plants. The highest contents of K e Mg; were observed at the 10000 plants ha-1 (2,0 x 0,5 m) density. The highest Ca leaf content were observed at the 3333 plants ha-1 density. There were no differences on N, P and S leaf content between planting densities.
Environmental protection, profit, and sustainability of the irrigated coffee production chain relies not only on water use optimization but also on optimization of all others inputs, mainly fertilizers. This study had as objective to determine correlations among leaf–macronutrients content of irrigated and not irrigated coffee growing under different planting densities. The experiment was set up on an experimental area of the Universidade Federal de Lavras – MG. Planting was held in January 2001. Pruning was held on September 2007. Coffee plants growing at two different densities de 3333 (3,0 x 1,0 m) and 10000 plants ha-1 (2,0 x 0,5 m) were submitted to the following treatments: (i) irrigation based on a meteorological soil water balance computed with the help of the Irriplus –software (BHC); (ii) irrigation when the soil water tension at the 0,25 m depth approaches a value near 20kPa; (iii) irrigation when soil water tension at the 0,25 m depth approaches a value 60 kPa; and (iv) a not irrigated control . An experimental design with randomized blocks with split plots and four replications was used. Parcels receiving irrigation were drip irrigated. Meteorological data were collected on a daily basis using an automatic μmetos station. Soil water tension was monitored with tensiometers installed at the depths of 0,10; 0,25; 0,40 e 0,60 m. Leaf contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S were monitored during three consecutive years. Irrigated coffee plants showed higher leaf content of P, Ca, Mg and S. There were no differences on K and N leaf content among irrigated and non- irrigated plants. The highest contents of K e Mg; were observed at the 10000 plants ha-1 (2,0 x 0,5 m) density. The highest Ca leaf content were observed at the 3333 plants ha-1 density. There were no differences on N, P and S leaf content between planting densities.
Descrição
Trabalho apresentado no Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (7. : 2011 : Araxá, MG). Anais Brasília, D.F: Embrapa - Café, 2011
Palavras-chave
nutrientes, café, irrigação, espaçamento., nutrients, coffee, irrigation, spacing.
Citação
Scalco, Myriane Stella; Colombo, Alberto; Abreu, Giselle Figueiredo; Assis, Gleice Aparecida; Guimarães, Rubens José; Carvalho, Carlos Henrique M. de. Teor foliar de macronutrientes em cafeeiros irrigados sob diferentes critérios e duas densidades de plantio. In: Simpósio de Pesquisa dos cafés do Brasil (7. : 2011 : Araxá, MG). Anais Brasília, D.F: Embrapa - Café, 2011 (1 CD-ROM), 7p.