Poda de raízes e adubação para crescimento do cafeeiro cultivado em colunas de solo
Data
2006-01
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo
Resumo
Em casa de vegetação, foram estudados os efeitos de níveis de fertilidade, poda de raízes e adubação localizada sobre o crescimento da parte aérea e do sistema radicular de plantas de cafeeiro cultivar Catuaí Vermelho. Amostras subsuperficiais (30 a 70 cm) de um LVA de Viçosa-MG foram acondicionadas em colunas de PVC compostas por três anéis de 15 cm de altura e 20 cm de diâmetro. Quatro tratamentos com três níveis de fertilidade [baixo (FB); médio (FM); alto (FA) e médio sem corte de raízes, em apenas dois anéis (FM2)], foram instalados antes do plantio, utilizando três níveis de calagem e três doses de esterco de galinha. As doses de P e K aplicadas no plantio foram inversamente proporcionais aos níveis de fertilidade propostos. Oito meses após o plantio, o anel inferior foi retirado, podando-se o sistema radicular. As amostras de solo do anel inferior foram substituídas por novas amostras nas quais foram aplicadas quatro adubações localizadas [baixa (AB); média (AM); alta (AA) e média mais esterco de galinha (AM2)]. Dezessete meses após o plantio, foram feitas avaliações da parte aérea e do sistema radicular. A altura das plantas e o número de ramos decresceram linearmente com o nível de fertilidade, em razão das menores doses de P e K adicionadas na adubação de plantio. Esta tendência também foi observada na produção de matéria seca da parte aérea; entretanto, o crescimento do sistema radicular não foi afetado. A poda de raízes não influiu no crescimento e na produção de matéria seca da parte aérea e das raízes, exceto quando se adicionou esterco de galinha na adubação localizada no nível de fertilidade média, promovendo, neste caso, efeito negativo. As adubações localizadas no nível de fertilidade baixo não afetaram o crescimento da parte aérea nem do sistema radicular; no nível médio, verificou-se efeito quadrático positivo e, no nível alto, observou-se aumento linear no crescimento das plantas de café, mostrando que as adubações de plantio baseadas nos níveis de fertilidade foram suficientes no nível baixo, equilibradas no nível médio e insuficientes no nível alto.
The effects of soil fertility levels, root pruning and localized fertilization on root and shoot growth in ‘Catuaí’ coffee plants were studied in a greenhouse experiment. Sub- superficial (30–70 cm) samples of a Red-Yellow Latosol (Oxisol) were packed in PVC columns consisting of three 15 cm high rings of 20 cm diameter. Four treatments with three fertility levels [low (FB), medium (FM) and high (FA), and medium without root pruning with only two rings (FM2)] were installed before planting by adding three levels of liming and three doses of poultry manure. The P and K doses at planting were applied in inverse amounts of the soil fertility levels. After eight months of cultivation, the lowest ring was removed, and roots were pruned. This ring was replaced by another one filled with soil with four fertilization rates [low (AB), medium (AM), medium plus poultry manure (AM2) and high (AA)], representing localized fertilization. After 17 months of cultivation the shoot and root system were evaluated. Plant height and number of branches decreased with the level of soil fertility, due to the lower P and K doses applied along the increasing fertility level. The same trend was observed for shoot dry matter production, but root system growth was not affected. Growth and dry matter production of shoots and roots was not affected by root pruning, except when poultry manure was applied in localized fertilization at medium fertility level, at which a negative effect was observed. The localized fertilization had no affect on shoot and root growth in the FB pots, but caused positive and quadratic effects in the FM pots and a linear increase in the growth of ‘Catuaí’ coffee plants for the FA treatment. The results showed that planting fertilization as a function of the fertility level was sufficient for FB, balanced for FM and insufficient for FA.
The effects of soil fertility levels, root pruning and localized fertilization on root and shoot growth in ‘Catuaí’ coffee plants were studied in a greenhouse experiment. Sub- superficial (30–70 cm) samples of a Red-Yellow Latosol (Oxisol) were packed in PVC columns consisting of three 15 cm high rings of 20 cm diameter. Four treatments with three fertility levels [low (FB), medium (FM) and high (FA), and medium without root pruning with only two rings (FM2)] were installed before planting by adding three levels of liming and three doses of poultry manure. The P and K doses at planting were applied in inverse amounts of the soil fertility levels. After eight months of cultivation, the lowest ring was removed, and roots were pruned. This ring was replaced by another one filled with soil with four fertilization rates [low (AB), medium (AM), medium plus poultry manure (AM2) and high (AA)], representing localized fertilization. After 17 months of cultivation the shoot and root system were evaluated. Plant height and number of branches decreased with the level of soil fertility, due to the lower P and K doses applied along the increasing fertility level. The same trend was observed for shoot dry matter production, but root system growth was not affected. Growth and dry matter production of shoots and roots was not affected by root pruning, except when poultry manure was applied in localized fertilization at medium fertility level, at which a negative effect was observed. The localized fertilization had no affect on shoot and root growth in the FB pots, but caused positive and quadratic effects in the FM pots and a linear increase in the growth of ‘Catuaí’ coffee plants for the FA treatment. The results showed that planting fertilization as a function of the fertility level was sufficient for FB, balanced for FM and insufficient for FA.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Coffea arabica, Corte de raízes, Fertilização
Citação
ALVAREZ V.; V. H. et al. Poda de raízes e adubação para crescimento do cafeeiro cultivado em colunas de solo. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, Viçosa, v. 30, n. 1, p. 111-119, 2006.