Assembleias de parasitoides em cafezais diversificados
Data
2023-01-31
Autores
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Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
O Brasil é o maior produtor de café do mundo e suas lavouras são conduzidas tanto em sistemas de monocultivo quanto diversificados. A heterogeneidade ambiental utilizada pelo Controle Biológico Conservativo pode colaborar para a atração, manutenção e aumento das populações de parasitoides em agroecossitemas cafeeiros e promover o controle natural de pragas. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar como as assembleias de parasitoides estão distribuidas em agroecossistemas cafeeiros na região do Campo das Vertentes (MG), e as formas pelas quais estas podem ser influenciadas pelo nível de diversificação ambiental, em relação a sua abundância, riqueza e diversidade. Selecionamos quatro cafeeiros com diferentes níveis de diversificação, caracterizados da seguinte maneira: ambiente com alto nível de diversificação vegetal (consorcio com árvores nativas e muvuca), médio (consorciado com linhas de Cedro Australiano espaçadas a 15m e espontâneas), baixo (consórcio com Cedro Australiano no espaçamento de 160m) e nenhum nível de diversificação (monocultivo com árvores esparsas no entorno). Utilizaram-se 10 armadilhas amarelas do tipo pan-trap em cada tratamento, instaladas a 50 cm do solo, que permaneceram no campo por 48 horas. Através de escalonamento multidimensional não-métrico (NMDS) e ANOSIM, foi possível constatar que as assembleias de parasitoides foram dissimilares em todos os níveis de diversificação vegetal analisados. A partir do uso de modelos lineares generalizados (GLM), observou-se que o nível de diversificação interna da lavoura afetou as assembleias de parasitoides sendo menos ricas, abundantes e diversas em sistemas altamente complexos do que em monocultivo. Pela análise de dissimilaridade (SIMPER), identificou-se quais parasitoides foram dissimilares entre os agroecossistemas avaliados. Portanto, os níveis de diversificação modificam as assembleias de parasitoides, mas sua abundância, riqueza e diversidade parecem estar relacionadas com a maior presença de hospedeiros nos ambientes de monocultivo.
Brazil is the largest coffee producer in the world and its crops are conducted both in monoculture and diversified systems. The environmental heterogeneity used by Conservative Biological Control can contribute to the attraction, maintenance and increase of parasitoid populations in coffee agroecosystems and promote the natural control of pests. The objective of this study was to analyze how parasitoid assemblages are distributed in coffee agroecosystems in the Campo das Vertentes region (MG), and the ways in which these can be influenced by the level of environmental diversification, in relation to their abundance, richness and diversity. We selected four coffee plantations with different levels of diversification, characterized as follows: environment with a high level of plant diversification (intercropping with native trees and “muvuca”), medium (intercropping with rows of Australian Cedar spaced at 15m and spontaneous), low (intercropping with Cedro Australian at 160m spacing) and no level of diversification (monocrop with sparse trees around). Ten yellow pan-traps were used in each treatment, installed 50 cm from the ground, which remained in the field for 48 hours. Through non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and ANOSIM, was possible to verify that parasitoids assemblages were dissimilar in all levels of plant diversification analyzed. From the use of generalized linear models (GLM), was observed that the level of internal diversification of the crop affected parasitoids assemblages being less rich, abundant, and diverse in highly complex systems than in monoculture. By the analysis of dissimilarity (SIMPER), was observed which parasitoids were dissimilar between the evaluated agroecosystems. Therefore, levels of diversification modify parasitoid assemblages, but their abundance, richness and diversity seem to be related to the greater presence of hosts in monoculture environments.
Brazil is the largest coffee producer in the world and its crops are conducted both in monoculture and diversified systems. The environmental heterogeneity used by Conservative Biological Control can contribute to the attraction, maintenance and increase of parasitoid populations in coffee agroecosystems and promote the natural control of pests. The objective of this study was to analyze how parasitoid assemblages are distributed in coffee agroecosystems in the Campo das Vertentes region (MG), and the ways in which these can be influenced by the level of environmental diversification, in relation to their abundance, richness and diversity. We selected four coffee plantations with different levels of diversification, characterized as follows: environment with a high level of plant diversification (intercropping with native trees and “muvuca”), medium (intercropping with rows of Australian Cedar spaced at 15m and spontaneous), low (intercropping with Cedro Australian at 160m spacing) and no level of diversification (monocrop with sparse trees around). Ten yellow pan-traps were used in each treatment, installed 50 cm from the ground, which remained in the field for 48 hours. Through non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and ANOSIM, was possible to verify that parasitoids assemblages were dissimilar in all levels of plant diversification analyzed. From the use of generalized linear models (GLM), was observed that the level of internal diversification of the crop affected parasitoids assemblages being less rich, abundant, and diverse in highly complex systems than in monoculture. By the analysis of dissimilarity (SIMPER), was observed which parasitoids were dissimilar between the evaluated agroecosystems. Therefore, levels of diversification modify parasitoid assemblages, but their abundance, richness and diversity seem to be related to the greater presence of hosts in monoculture environments.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Controle Biológico Conservativo, Inimigos Naturais, Cafeicultura, Hymenoptera, Conservative Biological Control, Natural Enemies, Coffee, Hymenoptera
Citação
LIMA, Aline Unes Negromonte. Assembleias de parasitoides em cafezais diversificados. 2023. 52 p. Dissertação (Mestrado em Entomologia) – Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, 2023.