Manejo da umidade do solo por reflectometria no domínio do tempo em clones de cafeeiro conilon
Data
2019-02-26
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
A cafeicultura é a principal atividade agrícola do Estado do Espírito Santo, e o déficit hídrico tem sido o fator ambiental que mais vem limitando a produção. Para compreender o papel do déficit hídrico e gerar bases de conhecimento que possibilitem extrair o potencial máximo das culturas, aliado utilização racional dos recursos hídricos, objetivou-se neste experimento analisar o crescimento inicial cafeeiro conilon (Coffea canephora), cultivar Jequitibá Incaper ES8122, em função de diferentes tensões de água no solo e dias após indução de regimes hídricos, realizando o monitoramento da umidade do solo pela técnica de reflectometria no domínio do tempo (TDR). O experimento foi instalado em casa de vegetação no Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, localizada no município de Alegre-ES. O estudo foi conduzido em um esquema de parcelas subsubdividida 8 x 4 x 3, sendo clones em 8 níveis (C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C8 e C9), nas subparcelas o fator tensão de água no solo em 4 níveis (T30= 30, T60= 60, T100= 100 e T200= 200 kPa) e na subsubparcelas, épocas de avaliação em 3 níveis (EP30= 30, EP60= 60 e EP90= 90) escalonados em função dos dias após indução dos regimes hídricos, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 3 repetições. As variáveis avaliadas foram: altura das plantas, área foliar, massa seca total, partição de biomassa (relação parte aérea/raiz), taxa de crescimento relativo, taxa de consumo de água e eficiência no uso da água. Ao final do experimento concluiu-se que os clones possuem necessidades hídricas diferentes entre si, assim como em sua capacidade de resistência à redução da água no solo. Tais fatores são respostas intrínsecas de cada clone, sendo os resultados subjacentes a interação entre genótipo e ambiente. Desta forma torna-se viável adoção de técnicas de manejo condizentes a cada um destes.
Coffee cultivation is the main agricultural activity of the State of Espírito Santo, and the water deficit has been the environmental factor that has been limiting the production. In order to understand the role of water deficit and generate knowledge bases to extract the maximum potential of crops, together with the rational utilization of water resources, the objective of this experiment was to analyze the initial coffee conilon (Coffea canephora) growth, Jequitibá Incaper ES8122 (TDR) and soil moisture monitoring (TDR), in order to evaluate soil water stress and days after induction of water regimes. The experiment was installed in a greenhouse at the Center of Agrarian Sciences and Engineering of the Federal University of Espírito Santo, located in the city of Alegre-ES. The study was conducted in a plot of 8 x 4 x 3 sub-divided plots, with clones in 8 levels (C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C8 and C9), in the subplots the soil water stress factor in 4 (T30 = 30, T60 = 60, T100 = 100 and T200 = 200 kPa) and in sub-subplots, epochs of evaluation in three levels (EP30 = 30, EP60 = 60 and EP90 = 90) staggered as water regimes, in a completely randomized design with 3 replicates. The variables evaluated were: plant height, leaf area, total dry mass, biomass partition (shoot / roots), relative growth rate, water consumption rate and water use efficiency. At the end of the experiment it was concluded that the clones have different water needs among them, as well as their resistance to the reduction of water in the soil. These factors are intrinsic responses of each clone, with the results underlying the interaction between genotype and environment. In this way it becomes feasible to adopt management techniques appropriate to each of these.
Coffee cultivation is the main agricultural activity of the State of Espírito Santo, and the water deficit has been the environmental factor that has been limiting the production. In order to understand the role of water deficit and generate knowledge bases to extract the maximum potential of crops, together with the rational utilization of water resources, the objective of this experiment was to analyze the initial coffee conilon (Coffea canephora) growth, Jequitibá Incaper ES8122 (TDR) and soil moisture monitoring (TDR), in order to evaluate soil water stress and days after induction of water regimes. The experiment was installed in a greenhouse at the Center of Agrarian Sciences and Engineering of the Federal University of Espírito Santo, located in the city of Alegre-ES. The study was conducted in a plot of 8 x 4 x 3 sub-divided plots, with clones in 8 levels (C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C8 and C9), in the subplots the soil water stress factor in 4 (T30 = 30, T60 = 60, T100 = 100 and T200 = 200 kPa) and in sub-subplots, epochs of evaluation in three levels (EP30 = 30, EP60 = 60 and EP90 = 90) staggered as water regimes, in a completely randomized design with 3 replicates. The variables evaluated were: plant height, leaf area, total dry mass, biomass partition (shoot / roots), relative growth rate, water consumption rate and water use efficiency. At the end of the experiment it was concluded that the clones have different water needs among them, as well as their resistance to the reduction of water in the soil. These factors are intrinsic responses of each clone, with the results underlying the interaction between genotype and environment. In this way it becomes feasible to adopt management techniques appropriate to each of these.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo.
Palavras-chave
déficit hídrico, Coffea canephora, tensão de água no solo, TDR, water deficit, Coffea canephora, soil water stress
Citação
RIBEIRO, Wilian Rodrigues. Manejo da umidade do solo por reflectometria no domínio do tempo em clones de cafeeiro conilon. 2019. 60 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Produção Vegetal) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Alegre, 2019.