Filmes nanoestruturados desenvolvidos a partir de pseudocaule de bananeira e casca de café
Data
2017-03-10
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características físicas, mecânicas e óticas dos filmes nanoestruturados obtidos dos resíduos da pós-colheita da banana (pseudocaule) e do cafeeiro (casca de café). Foi utilizada, também, para fins comparativos, a polpa comercial de eucalipto previamente tratada por meio de processos industriais de polpação e branqueamento. Para tanto, as fibras de pseudocaule de bananeira e casca de café passaram por pré-tratamentos químicos (alcalino e branqueamento/alcalino), para a remoção dos constituintes não celulósicos presentes em suas estruturas, visando à produção de nanofibrilas celulósicas para posterior formação de filmes nanoestruturados. As fibras de pseudocaule de bananeira e da casca de café pré-tratadas quimicamente foram transformadas em nanofibrilas de celulose, por meio do processo mecânico de desfibrilação, utilizando o grinder Super Masscolloider Masuko, sendo avaliadas diferentes passagens (20 e 40). As nanofibrilas foram caracterizadas, por meio das análises de microscopia eletrônica (MEV/FEG), cristalinidade (DRX) e estabilidade térmica (TG/DTG). Os pré-tratamentos químicos foram efetivos na retirada dos componentes amorfos das fibras, aumentando densidade básica, estabilidade térmica e cristalinidade, permitindo a obtenção de nanofibrilas de celulose a partir desses materiais pré-tratados. O aumento do número de passagens (de 20 para 40) pelo grinder levou à diminuição das dimensões das nanofibrilas, com diminuição do índice de cristalinidade, para as nanofibrilas de pseudocaule de bananeira e aumento do índice de cristalinidade, para as nanofibrilas de casca de café e de polpa comercial de eucalipto. A estabilidade térmica foi pouco alterada pelo aumento do número de passagens pelo grinder. Em relação aos filmes nanoestruturados, o aumento do número de passagens pelo grinder promoveu a diminuição da espessura, absorção de água, solubilidade e permeabilidade ao vapor de água, levando ao aumento da densidade aparente, resistência à tração e ao módulo de elasticidade dos filmes. Os filmes de pseudocaule de bananeira apresentaram maiores valores de resistência à tração e densidade aparente, quando comparados aos filmes de casca de café e polpa comercial de eucalipto, entretanto apresentaram alta umidade e solubilidade. Enquanto os filmes de casca de café apresentaram uma baixa densidade aparente, alta absorção de água e permeabilidade ao vapor de água, com baixa resistência à tração e módulo de elasticidade sendo justificado pela sua estrutura pouco compactada em relação aos demais filmes. Os filmes produzidos, a partir do pseudocaule de bananeira, foram os mais afetados pelo processo de degradação em solo em decorrência do seu elevado conteúdo de umidade, em relação aos filmes de casca de café e polpa comercial de eucalipto, apresentando perda de massa de, aproximadamente, 40% em 18 semanas de inoculação em solo. Os resultados demonstram eficácia dos pré- tratamentos químicos como procedimento, para a produção de nanofibrilas de celulose, demostrando que é possível o reaproveitamento dos resíduos das pós-colheita da banana e café na geração de filmes nanoestruturados.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the physical, mechanical and optical characteristics of the nanostructured films obtained from post-harvest residues of banana (pseudocaule) and coffee (coffee husk). It was also used, for comparative purposes, the commercial pulp of eucalyptus previously treated through industrial processes of pulping and bleaching. In order to do so, the banana pseudocaule and coffee husk fibers underwent chemical pre-treatments (alkaline and bleaching / Alkaline) to remove the non-cellulosic constituents present in their structures, aiming at the production of cellulosic nanofibrils for later nanostructured films . The chemically pretreated banana pseudocaule and coffee bark fibers were transformed into cellulose nanofibrils using the mechanical defibrillation method using the Super Masscolloider Masuko grinder. Different passages (20 and 40) were evaluated. Nanofibrils were characterized by electron microscopy (SEM / FEG), crystallinity (XRD) and thermal stability (TG / DTG). The chemical pre-treatments were effective in the removal of the amorphous components of the fibers, increasing basic density, thermal stability and crystallinity, allowing the preparation of cellulose nanofibrils from these pretreated materials. The increase in the number of passages (from 20 to 40) by the grinder led to a decrease in the size of nanofibrils, with a decrease in the crystallinity index for banana pseudocaule nanofibrils and an increase in the crystallinity index for coffee bark nanofibrils and Commercial pulp of eucalyptus. The thermal stability was little altered by the increase in the number of passes through the grinder. In relation to the nanostructured films, the increase in the number of passes through the grinder promoted a decrease in the thickness, water absorption, solubility and water vapor permeability, leading to an increase in the apparent density, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of the films. The banana pseudocaule films had higher values of tensile strength and apparent density when compared to the films of coffee husk and commercial eucalyptus pulp, but they presented high humidity and solubility. While the coffee husk films had a low apparent density, high water absorption and water vapor permeability, with low tensile strength and modulus of elasticity being justified by their poorly compacted structure in relation to the other films. The films produced from the pseudocaule of banana were the most affected by the soil degradation process due to its high moisture content in relation to the coffee husk and commercial eucalypt pulp films, presenting a mass loss of approximately 40% in 18 Weeks of soil inoculation. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of chemical pre-treatments as a procedure for the production of cellulose nanofibrils, demonstrating that it is possible to reuse the post-harvest residues of banana and coffee in the generation of nanostructured films.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the physical, mechanical and optical characteristics of the nanostructured films obtained from post-harvest residues of banana (pseudocaule) and coffee (coffee husk). It was also used, for comparative purposes, the commercial pulp of eucalyptus previously treated through industrial processes of pulping and bleaching. In order to do so, the banana pseudocaule and coffee husk fibers underwent chemical pre-treatments (alkaline and bleaching / Alkaline) to remove the non-cellulosic constituents present in their structures, aiming at the production of cellulosic nanofibrils for later nanostructured films . The chemically pretreated banana pseudocaule and coffee bark fibers were transformed into cellulose nanofibrils using the mechanical defibrillation method using the Super Masscolloider Masuko grinder. Different passages (20 and 40) were evaluated. Nanofibrils were characterized by electron microscopy (SEM / FEG), crystallinity (XRD) and thermal stability (TG / DTG). The chemical pre-treatments were effective in the removal of the amorphous components of the fibers, increasing basic density, thermal stability and crystallinity, allowing the preparation of cellulose nanofibrils from these pretreated materials. The increase in the number of passages (from 20 to 40) by the grinder led to a decrease in the size of nanofibrils, with a decrease in the crystallinity index for banana pseudocaule nanofibrils and an increase in the crystallinity index for coffee bark nanofibrils and Commercial pulp of eucalyptus. The thermal stability was little altered by the increase in the number of passes through the grinder. In relation to the nanostructured films, the increase in the number of passes through the grinder promoted a decrease in the thickness, water absorption, solubility and water vapor permeability, leading to an increase in the apparent density, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of the films. The banana pseudocaule films had higher values of tensile strength and apparent density when compared to the films of coffee husk and commercial eucalyptus pulp, but they presented high humidity and solubility. While the coffee husk films had a low apparent density, high water absorption and water vapor permeability, with low tensile strength and modulus of elasticity being justified by their poorly compacted structure in relation to the other films. The films produced from the pseudocaule of banana were the most affected by the soil degradation process due to its high moisture content in relation to the coffee husk and commercial eucalypt pulp films, presenting a mass loss of approximately 40% in 18 Weeks of soil inoculation. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of chemical pre-treatments as a procedure for the production of cellulose nanofibrils, demonstrating that it is possible to reuse the post-harvest residues of banana and coffee in the generation of nanostructured films.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Tratamento químico, Resíduos-lignocelulósicos, Filmes nanoestruturados
Citação
OLIVEIRA, B. M. R. G. Filmes nanoestruturados desenvolvidos a partir de pseudocaule de bananeira e casca de café. 2017. 145 f. Tese (Doutorado em Engenharia de Biomateriais) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras. 2017.