Seleção recorrente em café conilon via modelos mistos
Data
2015-02-26
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Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro
Resumo
A produção mundial de café tem sido fortemente dominada pelo Brasil, que ocupa o posto de maior produtor e exportador de café no mundo e o segundo maior consumidor. O café é sem dúvida uma das atividades sócio econômica mais importante para a economia do país. Este trabalho teve como objetivos: a) avaliar o desempenho “per se” e de combinações híbridas, b) estudo da heterose, capacidade combinatória e ganhos genéticos preditos por meio de diferentes índices de seleção via metodologia REML/BLUP, e c) estudar a divergência genética das progênies selecionadas e seus progenitores, oriunda de uma população de maturação precoce, Coffea canephora, variedade Conilon, do segundo ciclo de seleção recorrente. Foram avaliadas 16 tratamentos, 8 famílias de meios-irmãos provenientes da recombinação, em campo isolado, de 8 progenitores promissores do Programa de Melhoramento do Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (Incaper). O experimento foi conduzido por seis safras (2009 a 2014) no espaçamento de 3,0 entre linhas e com 1,0 m entre plantas dentro das linhas, no delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com 3 repetições e com parcelas constituídas por número desbalanceado de plantas. As características avaliadas foram: tamanho de grão (TG); Produtividade (PRO); porte (PT); vigor vegetativo (VG); reação a ferrugem (FER); época de maturação dos frutos (MAT); uniformidade de maturação dos frutos (UM); cercóspora (CER); seca de ponteira (SP); escala geral (EG); bicho mineiro (BM) e grau de inclinação (GI). As estimativas dos parâmetros genéticos obtidos revelam a existência de variabilidade genética e excelente potencial seletivo entre as genótipos de café conilon para os caracteres estudados. As famílias de meios-irmãos FMI2-24+8, FMI2-48 e FMI-4+8 foram os que apresentaram a maior produtividade acumulada, e as maiores heteroses acumulada foram obtidas nas famílias de meios-irmãos FMI2-26, FMI2-48 e FMI2- 24+8, no bloco I, II e III, respectivamente. Os progenitores CL48, CL24+8, CL03 e CL4+8, foram os melhores quanto à capacidade geral de combinação referente à produtividade acumulada, com estimativas de 14,62; 12,28; 1,86 e 1,70, respectivamente. O índice Mulamba e Mock foi o que proporcionou maiores ganhos, confirmando que este método é o mais eficiente para seleção, e pode ser recomendado em programas de melhoramento genético cafeeiro. Os ganhos genéticos atingiram de 32,35% (FMI2-22/89) a 5,0% (FMI2-24+8). As progênies que se destacaram com maiores valores para os efeitos aditivos (a), bem como o ganho e nova média, foram: a planta 22 (FMI2-CL03) do bloco 3, seguido da planta 10 (FMI2-CL24+8) do bloco 1 e a planta 43 (FMI2-CL02) do bloco 2. Verificou-se formação de 13 grupos genéticos, onde os materiais com as maiores distâncias foram na ordem de 2,56 para as progênies 20 (FMI2-CL67) e 25 (FMI2- CL48).
World production of coffee has been strongly dominated by Brazil, which occupies the position of the largest producer and exporter of coffee in the world and, also is the second largest consumer. Coffee production is undoubtedly one of the most important economic activities for the country's economy. This study aimed to: a) assess the performance "per se" and hybrid combinations, b) study heterosis, combining ability and genetic gain through different levels of selection via REML / BLUP methodology, and c) study the genetic divergence of selected progenies and their parents, both from an early maturing population, Coffea canephora, conilon variety, belonging to the second recurrent selection cycle. We evaluated 16 treatments, 8 half-sib families obtained by the recombination in isolated field of 8 promising parents from the breeding program of Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (INCAPER). The experiment was conducted for six seasons (2009-2014) in the spacing of 3.0 between lines and 1.0 m between plants in rows, in a randomized block design with three replications and with plots consisting of unbalanced number of plants. The characteristics evaluated were: grain size (GS); Productivity (PRO); size (S); vegetative vigor (VG); reaction to rust (RES); fruit maturation time (MAT); uniform fruit maturation (A); Cercospora (CER); dry tip (DT); general scale (GSc); leaf miner (LM) and degree of slope (DS). Estimates of genetic parameters reveal the existence of genetic variability and excellent selective potential between conilon coffee genotypes for the characters under study. The half-sib families FMI2-24 + 8, FMI2-48 and IMF-4 + 8 showed the highest accumulated productivity, and the highest accumulated heterosis were obtained in the half-sib families FMI2-26, FMI2-48 and FMI2- 24 + 8, at block I, II and III, respectively. The parents CL48, CL24 + 8, CL03 and CL4 + 8 were the best regarding the general combining ability in terms of the accumulated productivity, with estimates of 14.62; 12.28; 1.86 and 1.70, respectively. The Mulamba and Mock index provided the greatest gains, confirming that this method is the most efficient for selection, and can be recommended for coffee breeding programs. Genetic gain values varied from 32.35% (FMI2-22 / 89) to 5.0% (FMI2-24 + 8). The progenies that stood out with higher values for the additive effects (a), the genetic gain and new average, were: the plant 22 (FMI2-CL03) of Block 3, followed by the plant 10 (FMI2-CL24 + 8) of Block 1 and the plant 43 (FMI2-CL02) Block 2. It was verified the formation of 13 genetic groups, where materials with greater distances were in the order of 2.56 for 20 progenies (FMI2-CL67) and 25 (FMI2-CL48).
World production of coffee has been strongly dominated by Brazil, which occupies the position of the largest producer and exporter of coffee in the world and, also is the second largest consumer. Coffee production is undoubtedly one of the most important economic activities for the country's economy. This study aimed to: a) assess the performance "per se" and hybrid combinations, b) study heterosis, combining ability and genetic gain through different levels of selection via REML / BLUP methodology, and c) study the genetic divergence of selected progenies and their parents, both from an early maturing population, Coffea canephora, conilon variety, belonging to the second recurrent selection cycle. We evaluated 16 treatments, 8 half-sib families obtained by the recombination in isolated field of 8 promising parents from the breeding program of Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (INCAPER). The experiment was conducted for six seasons (2009-2014) in the spacing of 3.0 between lines and 1.0 m between plants in rows, in a randomized block design with three replications and with plots consisting of unbalanced number of plants. The characteristics evaluated were: grain size (GS); Productivity (PRO); size (S); vegetative vigor (VG); reaction to rust (RES); fruit maturation time (MAT); uniform fruit maturation (A); Cercospora (CER); dry tip (DT); general scale (GSc); leaf miner (LM) and degree of slope (DS). Estimates of genetic parameters reveal the existence of genetic variability and excellent selective potential between conilon coffee genotypes for the characters under study. The half-sib families FMI2-24 + 8, FMI2-48 and IMF-4 + 8 showed the highest accumulated productivity, and the highest accumulated heterosis were obtained in the half-sib families FMI2-26, FMI2-48 and FMI2- 24 + 8, at block I, II and III, respectively. The parents CL48, CL24 + 8, CL03 and CL4 + 8 were the best regarding the general combining ability in terms of the accumulated productivity, with estimates of 14.62; 12.28; 1.86 and 1.70, respectively. The Mulamba and Mock index provided the greatest gains, confirming that this method is the most efficient for selection, and can be recommended for coffee breeding programs. Genetic gain values varied from 32.35% (FMI2-22 / 89) to 5.0% (FMI2-24 + 8). The progenies that stood out with higher values for the additive effects (a), the genetic gain and new average, were: the plant 22 (FMI2-CL03) of Block 3, followed by the plant 10 (FMI2-CL24 + 8) of Block 1 and the plant 43 (FMI2-CL02) Block 2. It was verified the formation of 13 genetic groups, where materials with greater distances were in the order of 2.56 for 20 progenies (FMI2-CL67) and 25 (FMI2-CL48).
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro.
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Citação
CARIAS, C. M. O. M. Seleção recorrente em café conilon via modelos mistos. 2015. 90 f. Tese (Doutorado em Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas) - Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes. 2015.