Programa Certifica Minas Café: caracterização e desempenho
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2020-11-27
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
As certificações de café com padrão de boas práticas agrícolas visam à qualidade no processo de produção, mediante a promoção da sustentabilidade ambiental, econômica e social das propriedades cafeicultoras. O programa Certifica Minas Café é o único modelo de certificação desse padrão de caráter público regional no Brasil. O programa tem como propósito garantir a qualidade e a sustentabilidade das lavouras cafeeiras, de modo a possibilitar a inclusão do café mineiro nos mercados nacional e internacional. A cafeicultura em Minas Gerais é composta por quatro regiões produtoras com características específicas tanto no modo de produção do café quanto na composição do tamanho das propriedades. Assim, se faz importante conhecer como as propriedades cafeeiras que integram o Certifica Minas se adaptam às normas de certificação, tanto pela origem de sua região, quanto pela classe de tamanho. Dessa forma, a caracterização das propriedades frente à certificação possibilita auxiliar a proposição de ações que beneficiem o produtor certificado na promoção da cafeicultura sustentável. Para tal, este trabalho contou com dados de auditorias de conformidade em propriedades cafeeiras inseridas no Certifica Minas realizadas nos anos de 2015 e 2016. No capítulo 1 objetivou-se caracterizar o perfil e o padrão de atendimento às normas do programa Certifica Minas Café das propriedades cafeeiras participantes, nas regiões produtoras e no estado de Minas Gerais. O programa atende a todos os perfis de agricultores, porém os pequenos produtores representaram a maior parcela de estabelecimentos participantes nesse padrão de certificação. Entre as quatro regiões produtoras de café, o maior número de propriedades certificadas encontrou-se presentes na região Sul. As propriedades certificadas apresentaram elevado nível de atendimento aos grupos de normas das duas versões do manual, adequando os sistemas de produção de café às exigências da certificação. O parecer das auditorias classificou a certificação majoritariamente na categoria de selo prata. Nas regiões do Cerrado, Sul e Matas os médios e grandes estabelecimentos obtiveram os melhores desempenhos de certificação comparados aos pequenos e minifúndios. As regiões Sul e Matas apresentaram semelhantemente as menores médias do parecer da auditoria. A região Cerrado e Chapada alcançaram as maiores médias do parecer. As regiões do Cerrado, Sul e Matas apresentaram resultados mais próximos à avaliação geral dos dados.A região da Chapada foi singular na certificação, pois demonstrou o maior índice de cumprimento às normas e às exigências da certificação, em especial nos estabelecimentos de maiores áreas. No capítulo 2 objetivou-se avaliar o padrão de atendimento às normas de certificação pelos cafeicultores participantes do programa Certifica Minas Café, estratificando- os por tamanho das propriedades e por região produtora do estado de Minas Gerais. As propriedades foram organizadas por região: Cerrado, Chapada de Minas, Sul de Minas e Matas de Minas, e por classe de estratificação: minifúndio, pequena, média e grande propriedades, de modo a serem combinadas em quinze conjuntos, visto que, a região Chapada de Minas não apresentou nenhum estabelecimento da classe minifúndio. Para a avaliação do padrão de certificação realizou-se técnicas de agrupamento, por meio: do método hierárquico de ligação média entre grupos – UPGMA; método de otimização de Tocher; e projeção de distância em gráficos tridimensionais – projeção 3D, para os dois anos da pesquisa separadamente. Para complementar, analisou-se a correlação das matrizes de distância dos dois anos de avaliação, pelo teste de comparação de matrizes de Mantel, com 1000 permutações (Mantel, 1967) e significância testada pelo teste t. O padrão de certificação foi semelhante para as maiorias das propriedades do CMC, independente da região produtora para todos os médios e grandes estabelecimentos, somados aos pequenos das regiões Café do Cerrado e Chapada de Minas, de modo a não exibirem diferenças no cumprimento das versões 2013-2015 e 2016 do Manual de Normas de Certificação para Propriedades Cafeeiras. Apenas a classe de tamanho influenciou o atendimento as normas, para os minifúndios de todas as regiões e para as pequenas propriedades do Sul de Minas e das Matas de Minas, sendo esses padrões do programa divergentes ao demais. Palavras-chave: Cafés sustentáveis. Rastreabilidade. Agricultura Familiar. Padrão certificação. Socioambiental
The certifications of coffee with the standard of good agricultural practices aim at quality in the production process, by promoting the environmental, economic and social sustainability of coffee farms. The Certifica Minas Café program is the only certification model for this standard of regional public character in Brazil. The program aims to guarantee the quality and sustainability of coffee crops, in order to enable the inclusion of Minas Gerais coffee in the national and international markets. Coffee cultivation in Minas Gerais is composed of four producing regions with specific characteristics, both in the way of coffee production and in the composition of the size of the properties. Thus, it is important to know how the coffee properties that are part of Certifica Minas adapt to certification standards, both by the origin of their region and by the size class. Therefore, the characterization of properties in front of the certification makes it possible to assist the proposition of actions that benefit the certified producer in the promotion of sustainable coffee production. For this purpose, this work relied on data from conformity audits on coffee properties inserted in Certifica Minas carried out in 2015 and 2016. In chapter 1 the objective was to characterize the profile and standard of compliance with the norms of the Certifica Minas Café program of participating coffee farms in producing regions and in the state of Minas Gerais. The program meets all the profiles of farmers, however small producers represented the largest share of establishments participating in this certification standard. Among the four coffee producing regions, the largest number of certified properties were present in the South region. The certified properties showed a high level of compliance with the standards groups in the two versions of the manual, adapting the coffee production systems to the certification requirements. The audits opinion classified the certification mainly in the category of silver seal. In the Cerrado, South and Matas regions, medium and large establishments obtained the best certification performances compared to the small and smallholdings. The South and Matas regions similarly presented the lowest averages of the audit opinion. The Cerrado and Chapada regions reached the highest averages of the opinion. The regions of Cerrado, South and Matas presented results closer to the general evaluation of the data. The Chapada region was unique in certification, as it showed the highest rate ofcompliance with standards and certification requirements, especially in establishments in larger areas. Chapter 2 aimed to assess the standard of compliance with certification standards by coffee growers participating in the Certifica Minas Café program, stratifying them by size of properties and by producing region in the state of Minas Gerais. The properties were organized by region: Cerrado, Chapada of Minas, South of Minas and Matas of Minas, and by stratification class: smallholdings, small, medium and large properties, in order to be combined in fifteen sets, since the region Chapada de Minas did not present any smallholding establishment. For the evaluation of the certification standard, grouping techniques were performed using: the hierarchical method of medium link between groups - UPGMA; Tocher's optimization method; and distance projection in three-dimensional graphics - 3D projection, for the two years of the research separately. In addition, the correlation of the distance matrices of the two years of evaluation was analyzed by the Mantel matrix comparison test, with 1000 permutations (Mantel, 1967) and significance tested by the t test. The certification standard was similar for most CMC properties, regardless of the producing region for all medium and large establishments, added to the small ones of the Café of Cerrado and Chapada of Minas regions, so as not to show differences in compliance with the 2013-2015 and 2016 versions of the Certification Standards Manual for Coffee Properties. Only the size class influenced the attendance to the norms, for the smallholdings of all the regions and for the small properties of the South of Minas and Matas of Minas, being these standards of the program divergent from the others. Keywords: Sustainable coffees. Traceability. Family farming. Certification standard. Social and environmental.
The certifications of coffee with the standard of good agricultural practices aim at quality in the production process, by promoting the environmental, economic and social sustainability of coffee farms. The Certifica Minas Café program is the only certification model for this standard of regional public character in Brazil. The program aims to guarantee the quality and sustainability of coffee crops, in order to enable the inclusion of Minas Gerais coffee in the national and international markets. Coffee cultivation in Minas Gerais is composed of four producing regions with specific characteristics, both in the way of coffee production and in the composition of the size of the properties. Thus, it is important to know how the coffee properties that are part of Certifica Minas adapt to certification standards, both by the origin of their region and by the size class. Therefore, the characterization of properties in front of the certification makes it possible to assist the proposition of actions that benefit the certified producer in the promotion of sustainable coffee production. For this purpose, this work relied on data from conformity audits on coffee properties inserted in Certifica Minas carried out in 2015 and 2016. In chapter 1 the objective was to characterize the profile and standard of compliance with the norms of the Certifica Minas Café program of participating coffee farms in producing regions and in the state of Minas Gerais. The program meets all the profiles of farmers, however small producers represented the largest share of establishments participating in this certification standard. Among the four coffee producing regions, the largest number of certified properties were present in the South region. The certified properties showed a high level of compliance with the standards groups in the two versions of the manual, adapting the coffee production systems to the certification requirements. The audits opinion classified the certification mainly in the category of silver seal. In the Cerrado, South and Matas regions, medium and large establishments obtained the best certification performances compared to the small and smallholdings. The South and Matas regions similarly presented the lowest averages of the audit opinion. The Cerrado and Chapada regions reached the highest averages of the opinion. The regions of Cerrado, South and Matas presented results closer to the general evaluation of the data. The Chapada region was unique in certification, as it showed the highest rate ofcompliance with standards and certification requirements, especially in establishments in larger areas. Chapter 2 aimed to assess the standard of compliance with certification standards by coffee growers participating in the Certifica Minas Café program, stratifying them by size of properties and by producing region in the state of Minas Gerais. The properties were organized by region: Cerrado, Chapada of Minas, South of Minas and Matas of Minas, and by stratification class: smallholdings, small, medium and large properties, in order to be combined in fifteen sets, since the region Chapada de Minas did not present any smallholding establishment. For the evaluation of the certification standard, grouping techniques were performed using: the hierarchical method of medium link between groups - UPGMA; Tocher's optimization method; and distance projection in three-dimensional graphics - 3D projection, for the two years of the research separately. In addition, the correlation of the distance matrices of the two years of evaluation was analyzed by the Mantel matrix comparison test, with 1000 permutations (Mantel, 1967) and significance tested by the t test. The certification standard was similar for most CMC properties, regardless of the producing region for all medium and large establishments, added to the small ones of the Café of Cerrado and Chapada of Minas regions, so as not to show differences in compliance with the 2013-2015 and 2016 versions of the Certification Standards Manual for Coffee Properties. Only the size class influenced the attendance to the norms, for the smallholdings of all the regions and for the small properties of the South of Minas and Matas of Minas, being these standards of the program divergent from the others. Keywords: Sustainable coffees. Traceability. Family farming. Certification standard. Social and environmental.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
Palavras-chave
Café - Certificação, Programa de Certificação de Produtos Agropecuários e Agroindustriais (Minas Gerais), Agricultura familiar, Sustentabilidade
Citação
SOUZA, Luiza Monteiro. Programa Certifica Minas Café: caracterização e desempenho. 2020. 182 f. Tese (Doutorado em Fitotecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa-MG. 2020.