Diversidade de ácaros predadores (Phytoseiidae) em fragmentos florestais e cafezais adjacentes
Data
2007-03-08
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
Existem poucas informações sobre a fauna de ácaros predadores em ambientes naturais brasileiros, adjacentes a agroecossistemas cafeeiros, bem como sobre a influência dessa vegetação vizinha como reservatório de ácaros predadores. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a diversidade destes organismos em fragmentos florestais e cafeeiros adjacentes. Coletaram-se amostras das espécies florestais Calyptranthes clusifolia (Miq.) (Myrtaceae), Esenbeckia febrífuga (A. St.- Hill) (Rutaceae), Metrodorea stipularis(Mart.) (Rutaceae) e Allophylus semidentatus (A.St.-Hil et al.) (Sapindaceae). As amostragens foram realizadas nos meses de junho (considerado final período chuvoso) e outubro (considerado final período seco) dos anos de 2004 e 2005, na região Sul de Minas, estado de Minas Gerais, em oito fragmentos florestais de 5 a 51 ha e cafezais adjacentes. Para a extração dos ácaros, foi realizada a lavagem das folhas e, em seguida, eles foram montados em lâminas de microscopia, com o meio de Hoyer. No total, foram registrados 8.709 ácaros, sendo 7.647 nos fragmentos florestais e 1.062 espécimes nos cafezais adjacentes em 38 espécies pertencentes a 16 famílias. A família Phytoseiidae, pela análise faunística, se destacou como a mais numerosa e abundante nos ambientes estudados. Iphiseiodes zuluaguai Denmark & Muma, 1972 mostrou os melhores índices no agroecossistema cafeeiro. Nos fragmentos florestais Amblyseius herbicolus Chant, 1959, Iphiseiodes neonobilis Denmark & Muma, 1978, Leonseius regularis DeLeon, 1965 e Euseius alatus DeLeon, 1966 se classificaram como dominantes, muito abundantes, muito freqüentes e constantes. Nos fragmentos florestais de todas as dimensões estudadas e em todas as épocas de coleta, de forma geral, os fitoseídeos apresentaram destacada abundância, sugerindo que pode haver um possível deslocamento dessas espécies entre a mata e o cultivo do cafeeiro e vice-versa. A vegetação nativa hospeda ácaros predadores, inimigos naturais de ácaros-praga, que ocorrem na cultura cafeeira, o que possibilita o desenvolvimento de programas de manejo ecológico com essas áreas de vegetação natural adjacentes a agroecossistemas cafeeiros.
Few informations are available on predatory mites fauna in brazilian natural environments adjacents to coffee agroecosytems, as well as the influence of neighbouring vegetation as predatory mites reservoir. This study evaluates the diversity of these organisms in forest fragments and adjacent coffee plantations. Samples were made on the following forest species: Calyptranthes clusifolia (Miq.) (Myrtaceae), Esenbeckia febrifuga (A. St. - Hill) (Rutaceae), Metrodorea stipularis(Mart.) (Rutaceae) e Allophylus semidentatus (A. St. - Hil et al.) (Sapindaceae). Sampling was carried out in eight forest fragments in South Minas Gerais State, ranging from 5 to 51 ha, all with adjacent forest plantations, in June (considered the end of the raining season) and October (considered the end of the dry season) of 2004 and 2005. Washing of the leaves removed the mites which were then mounted in Hoyer’s medium on microscopic slides. There were 8709 mites collected, 38 species in 16 families, 7647 in forest fragments and 1062 on adjacent coffee plantations. Faunistic analysis revealed that the Phytoseiidae were the most abundant and numerous in both environments studied. Iphiseiodes zuluaguai Denmark & Muma, 1972 was the species with the best indexes in the coffee agroecossistems. In the forest fragments Amblyseius herbicolus Chant, 1959, Iphiseiodes neonobilis Denmark & Muma, 1978, Leonseius regularis DeLeon, 1965 and Euseius alatus DeLeon, 1966 were classified as dominant, very abundant, very frequent and constant. Phytoseiids were highly abundant in all forest fragments of all dimentions studied, and in all sampling dates, suggesting that they may migrate from these epecies toward coffee plantations and vice-versa. Native vegetation host predatory mites, which are natural enemies of pest mites on coffee crops, allowing the development of ecologic management programs with areas of natural vegetation adjacent to coffee agroecossistems.
Few informations are available on predatory mites fauna in brazilian natural environments adjacents to coffee agroecosytems, as well as the influence of neighbouring vegetation as predatory mites reservoir. This study evaluates the diversity of these organisms in forest fragments and adjacent coffee plantations. Samples were made on the following forest species: Calyptranthes clusifolia (Miq.) (Myrtaceae), Esenbeckia febrifuga (A. St. - Hill) (Rutaceae), Metrodorea stipularis(Mart.) (Rutaceae) e Allophylus semidentatus (A. St. - Hil et al.) (Sapindaceae). Sampling was carried out in eight forest fragments in South Minas Gerais State, ranging from 5 to 51 ha, all with adjacent forest plantations, in June (considered the end of the raining season) and October (considered the end of the dry season) of 2004 and 2005. Washing of the leaves removed the mites which were then mounted in Hoyer’s medium on microscopic slides. There were 8709 mites collected, 38 species in 16 families, 7647 in forest fragments and 1062 on adjacent coffee plantations. Faunistic analysis revealed that the Phytoseiidae were the most abundant and numerous in both environments studied. Iphiseiodes zuluaguai Denmark & Muma, 1972 was the species with the best indexes in the coffee agroecossistems. In the forest fragments Amblyseius herbicolus Chant, 1959, Iphiseiodes neonobilis Denmark & Muma, 1978, Leonseius regularis DeLeon, 1965 and Euseius alatus DeLeon, 1966 were classified as dominant, very abundant, very frequent and constant. Phytoseiids were highly abundant in all forest fragments of all dimentions studied, and in all sampling dates, suggesting that they may migrate from these epecies toward coffee plantations and vice-versa. Native vegetation host predatory mites, which are natural enemies of pest mites on coffee crops, allowing the development of ecologic management programs with areas of natural vegetation adjacent to coffee agroecossistems.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Vegetação nativa, Coffea arabica, Ácaro, Manejo de pragas
Citação
SILVA, E. A. Diversidade de ácaros predadores (Phytoseiidae) em fragmentos florestais e cafezais adjacentes . 2007. 101 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia-Entomologia) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras. 2007.