Respostas ecofisiológicas de cafeeiros submetidos ao deficit hídrico para concentração da florada no Cerrado de Minas Gerais
Data
2015-01
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Editor
Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa
Resumo
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes períodos de imposição do deficit hídrico sobre a concentração da florada do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica), bem como sobre as trocas gasosas, a produtividade, a maturação e a qualidade dos grãos. As cultivares Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144 e Bourbon Amarelo J9 foram avaliadas conforme os seguintes tratamentos: não irrigado (NI), irrigado continuamente (IC), e suspensão da irrigação em 1/7/2010 (D1) e em 1/8/2010 (D2), com retorno desta em 24/9/2010. Cerca de três dias após a retomada da irrigação, registrou-se a ocorrência de uma “chuva de florada”, com precipitação de 69 mm. O potencial hídrico foliar de antemanhã (Y am ) nas cultivares Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144 e Bourbon Amarelo J9, em 22/9, foi de ‐0,59 e ‐0,82 MPa, ‐0,53 e ‐0,79 MPa, e ‐0,34 e ‐0,49 MPa, para os tratamentos NI, D1 e D2, respectivamente. O percentual máximo de botões florais no estádio E4, imediatamente antes da ocorrência da chuva, não foi afetado pelos níveis de deficit impostos durante o inverno, independentemente das cultivares. Os níveis moderados de deficit hídrico impostos pelos tratamentos (Y am ~ ‐0,80 MPa) produziram pouco ou nenhum efeito sobre as trocas gasosas, a taxa de florescimento ou a uniformidade de maturação – percentagem de cerejas de 66% –, e a produtividade e a classificação dos grãos, de ambas as cultivares. O efeito dos diferentes tratamentos sobre o status hídrico dos botões florais não se sobrepõe ao efeito da chuva de florada, que foi determinante para sua abertura.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different periods of water deficit imposition on narrowing coffee (Coffea arabica) blossom period, as well as on gas exchange, coffee bean yield, maturity, and grain quality. The Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144 and Bourbon Amarelo J9 cultivars were evaluated according to the following treatments: nonirrigated (NI), continuously irrigated (CI), and suspension of irrigation on 7/1/2010 (D1) and on 8/1/2010 (D2), which was restarted on 9/24/2010. About three days after irrigation was restarted, a “blossom rain” was registered, with 69 mm precipitation. The pre‐dawn leaf water potential (Y pd ) of the cultivars Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144 and Bourbon Amarelo J9, on 9/22, was of ‐0.59 and ‐0.82 MPa, ‐0.53 and ‐0.79 MPa, and ‐0.34 and ‐0.49 MPa for the NI, D1, and D2 treatments, respectively. The maximum percentage of flower buds at the E4 stage, right before rainfall occurrence, was not affected by the water deficit levels imposed during winter, regardless of the cultivar. The moderate water deficits imposed by the treatments (Y pd ~ ‐0.80 MPa) had little or no effect on gas exchange, on flowering rate or maturation uniformity – 66% ripe cherries –, and on coffee bean yield and classification of both cultivars. The effect of the different treatments on the water status of the flower buds does not overcome the effects of the blossom rain, which was determinant for their opening.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different periods of water deficit imposition on narrowing coffee (Coffea arabica) blossom period, as well as on gas exchange, coffee bean yield, maturity, and grain quality. The Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144 and Bourbon Amarelo J9 cultivars were evaluated according to the following treatments: nonirrigated (NI), continuously irrigated (CI), and suspension of irrigation on 7/1/2010 (D1) and on 8/1/2010 (D2), which was restarted on 9/24/2010. About three days after irrigation was restarted, a “blossom rain” was registered, with 69 mm precipitation. The pre‐dawn leaf water potential (Y pd ) of the cultivars Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144 and Bourbon Amarelo J9, on 9/22, was of ‐0.59 and ‐0.82 MPa, ‐0.53 and ‐0.79 MPa, and ‐0.34 and ‐0.49 MPa for the NI, D1, and D2 treatments, respectively. The maximum percentage of flower buds at the E4 stage, right before rainfall occurrence, was not affected by the water deficit levels imposed during winter, regardless of the cultivar. The moderate water deficits imposed by the treatments (Y pd ~ ‐0.80 MPa) had little or no effect on gas exchange, on flowering rate or maturation uniformity – 66% ripe cherries –, and on coffee bean yield and classification of both cultivars. The effect of the different treatments on the water status of the flower buds does not overcome the effects of the blossom rain, which was determinant for their opening.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Coffea arabica, Floração, Irrigação trocas gasosas
Citação
RONCHI, C. P. et al. Respostas ecofisiológicas de cafeeiros submetidos ao deficit hídrico para concentração da florada no Cerrado de Minas Gerais. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, Brasília, v.50, n.1, p.24-32, jan. 2015.