Estudo da expressão e análise de polimorfismos de genes candidatos para a tolerância à seca em cafeeiro
Data
2010-08-31
Autores
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
O cafeeiro é uma planta perene, pertencente à família Rubiaceae e ao gênero Coffea. Entre as espécies cultivadas, Coffea canephora (Robusta) e Coffea arabica (Arabica) são as mais importantes economicamente, representando respectivamente 30% e 70% da produção comercial mundial. O déficit hídrico afeta a cultura do cafeeiro podendo resultar em importantes conseqüências sociais (deslocamento de trabalhadores), econômicas e ecológicas. Estudos na área de melhoramento do café têm visado à introdução de novos caracteres para a obtenção de híbridos mais tolerantes à seca. Em nível molecular, existem projetos para se identificar genes candidatos (GC) para a tolerância à seca, seja por meio de estudos da expressão gênica (transcriptoma) ou de proteínas (proteômica). Assim, o primeiro objetivo desse trabalho consistiu em estudar a expressão de GCs (DREB, NAC-R26, RD29, GC10, CCoAMT, OEC, CA, M6FR, as isoformas RBCS1-A e B do gene RBCS), utilizando-se vários cultivares de C. arabica cultivados em campo sob situações diversas de estresse hídrico, por meio da técnica de PCR em tempo real (qPCR). Os GCs utilizados foram previamente identificados e validados, em experimentos com cultivares de C. canephora cultivados em casa de vegetação. O segundo objetivo consistiu em analisar a diversidade nucleotídica in vivo de alguns GCs (DREB, RD29 e NAC-RD26), identificando-se SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms), em várias espécies, clones e cultivares de café para tentar relacionar a ocorrência de SNPs com o fenótipo. Para a busca de SNPs , DNA genômico (gDNA) dessas diferentes plantas foram amplificados com dois primers específicos para cada GC utilizado. Os primeiros primers contêm nas extremidades adaptadores M13For ou M13Rev, os quais permitiram avaliar a presença de SNPs, por meio do seqüenciamento dos produtos de PCR sem a clonagem. Para se identificar as formas alélicas presentes em cada genoma, primers (sem adaptadores) foram usados para se amplificar, clonar e seqüenciar as mesmas porções de gDNA. Para o sequenciamento, foram utilizados 10 clones independentes, visando-se a identificação do máximo possível de alelos. As seqüências resultantes foram alinhadas, pelo emprego de aplicativos computacionais visando-se a identificação de regiões polimórficas.
The coffee is a perennial tree which belongs to the Rubiaceae family and the genus Coffea. Among the cultivated species, Coffea canephora (Robusta) and Coffea arabica (Arabica) are the most important economically, representing respectively 30% and 70% of the world trade production. One major problem that affects this culture is its susceptibility to soil water deficiency, which can lead to important economic, ecological and social consequences – such as the massive migration of unemployed rural workers.to urban centers One of the objectives of coffee genetic improvement is to produce drought-tolerant coffee hybrids. At the molecular level, some projects are being carried out in order to identify candidate genes (CG) for drought tolerance, either by the evaluation of differential gene expression on both the transcriptional (transcriptome) and the translational levels (proteomics). The first objective of this work consisted in the evaluation by the real-time PCR (qPCR) technique, of the differential expression of drought-tolerance CGs, such as DREB, NAC-R26, RD29, GC10, CCoAMT, OEC, A.C, M6FR,as well as the A and B isoforms of the RBCS gene, in several C. arabica cultivars grown under different field conditions of drought intensity. The CGs were previously identified and validated in experiments with cultivars of C. canephora grown in a greenhouse. The second objective was to analyze the in vivo nucleotide diversity of some CGs (DREB, RD29 and RD26- NAC) present in several varieties of coffee, and to identify SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) related to the drought tolerance phenotype. The genomic DNAs (gDNAs) from different species, clones and cultivars of coffee were extracted and submitted to specific amplification with two CGs primers carrying forward and reverse M13 adapters in the extremities, which allowed us to evaluate the presence of SNPs by sequencing the PCR products without cloning. To identify the allelic forms present in each genome, regular primers were utilized to amplify and to sequence the same portions of gDNA after proper cloning. The resulting allelic sequences of ten independent clones were aligned in silico and different polymorphic regions were properly identified.
The coffee is a perennial tree which belongs to the Rubiaceae family and the genus Coffea. Among the cultivated species, Coffea canephora (Robusta) and Coffea arabica (Arabica) are the most important economically, representing respectively 30% and 70% of the world trade production. One major problem that affects this culture is its susceptibility to soil water deficiency, which can lead to important economic, ecological and social consequences – such as the massive migration of unemployed rural workers.to urban centers One of the objectives of coffee genetic improvement is to produce drought-tolerant coffee hybrids. At the molecular level, some projects are being carried out in order to identify candidate genes (CG) for drought tolerance, either by the evaluation of differential gene expression on both the transcriptional (transcriptome) and the translational levels (proteomics). The first objective of this work consisted in the evaluation by the real-time PCR (qPCR) technique, of the differential expression of drought-tolerance CGs, such as DREB, NAC-R26, RD29, GC10, CCoAMT, OEC, A.C, M6FR,as well as the A and B isoforms of the RBCS gene, in several C. arabica cultivars grown under different field conditions of drought intensity. The CGs were previously identified and validated in experiments with cultivars of C. canephora grown in a greenhouse. The second objective was to analyze the in vivo nucleotide diversity of some CGs (DREB, RD29 and RD26- NAC) present in several varieties of coffee, and to identify SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) related to the drought tolerance phenotype. The genomic DNAs (gDNAs) from different species, clones and cultivars of coffee were extracted and submitted to specific amplification with two CGs primers carrying forward and reverse M13 adapters in the extremities, which allowed us to evaluate the presence of SNPs by sequencing the PCR products without cloning. To identify the allelic forms present in each genome, regular primers were utilized to amplify and to sequence the same portions of gDNA after proper cloning. The resulting allelic sequences of ten independent clones were aligned in silico and different polymorphic regions were properly identified.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Coffea, Expressão gênica, Marcadores moleculares, SNP, Estresse abiótico
Citação
FREIRE, L. P. Estudo da expressão e análise de polimorfismos de genes candidatos para a tolerância à seca em cafeeiro. 2010. 117 f. Tese (Doutorado em Biotecnologia Vegetal) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras. 2010.