Avaliação da casca de café como alimento para vacas leiteiras Holandês-Zebu
Data
2003-02-24
Autores
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar o desempenho de vacas leiteiras Holandês-Zebu alimentadas com concentrados contendo 25% de casca de café (Café) ou polpa de citros (Polpa) em substituição ao milho em grão moído (Milho; 47,4% do concentrado). Quarenta e duas vacas foram blocadas por produção de leite e alocadas a um dos três tratamentos por 56 dias, após um período de padronização de 14 dias. Os concentrados foram fornecidos duas vezes ao dia no momento das ordenhas, na relação de 1 kg de concentrado para cada 2,5 kg da produção média de leite do bloco mensurada no final do período de padronização. Os animais foram suplementados com 20 kg de cana-de-açúcar e tiveram acesso a pasto de braquiária. As mensurações da mesma variável obtidas no final do período de padronização foram utilizadas como covariável no modelo estatístico. Os dados obtidos semanalmente foram analisados como medidas repetidas pelo procedimento Mixed do SAS. A substituição de milho por casca de café deprimiu a produção de leite e de sólidos enquanto a polpa cítrica resultou em resposta produtiva similar ao milho. A produção diária de leite corrigido para 3,5% de gordura foi 7,5 kg no Milho, 7,9 kg no Polpa e 6,2 kg no Café (P<0,01). A queda na produção de leite no tratamento Café foi observada na primeira semana de aplicação dos tratamentos e se manteve ao longo de todo o período experimental. As vacas consumindo casca de café tiveram maior perda de peso vivo (P=0,03). A sobra de cocho no momento da ordenha foi 30% no Café (P<0,001), mais alta ao longo de todo o período experimental, resultando em menor consumo de concentrado neste tratamento (P<0,001). A freqüência de vacas relutando em entrar no canzil no momento da ordenha foi 10% no Café e 1% nos outros dois tratamentos (P<0,01). Não foi detectado efeito da casca de café sobre o temperamento dos animais no momento da ordenha, sobre a freqüência de defecação na ordenha e sobre a contagem de células somáticas (P>0,46). O concentrado Polpa foi o de maior eficiência financeira e o Café o menos eficiente (P=0,05). O menor custo por kg do concentrado com casca de café não foi vantajoso proporcionalmente à queda induzida na produção de leite por animal. O consumo diário de casca de café foi 575 gramas por animal. Estes dados sugerem que o potencial da casca de café como ingrediente em dietas para vacas em lactação é baixo.
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the performance of Holstein- Zebu dairy cows fed concentrates containing 25% of coffee hulls (Coffee) or citrus pulp (Pulp) in substitution to ground corn grain (Corn; 47.4% of the concentrate). Forty two cows were blocked based on milk yield and allocated to one of the three treatments for 56 days, after a 14-day standardization period. Concentrates were fed twice a day during milking time at the ratio of 1 kg of concentrate to each 2.5 kg of the average milk yield of the block measured at the end of the standardization period. The animals were supplemented with 20 kg of sugarcane and had access to Bracchiaria pasture. Measurements of the same variable obtained at the end of the standardization period were used as covariate in the statistical model. Data obtained weekly were analyzed as repeated measures with the SAS Mixed procedure. The substitution of corn by coffee hulls decreased milk and solids yield while citrus pulp resulted in similar performance to corn. The daily 3.5% fat-corrected milk yield was 7.5 kg on Corn, 7.9 kg on Pulp and 6.2 kg on Coffee (P<0.01). The decrease in milk yield for treatment Coffee was observed in the first week of application of treatments and was maintained throughout the experimental period. Cows consuming coffee hulls had greater loss of body weight (P=0.03). Feed orts during milking was 30% on Coffee (P<0.001), higher throughout the experimental period, resulting in smaller concentrate intake in this treatment (P<0.001). Frequency of cows with difficult stall entrance during milking was 10% on Coffee and 1% on the other two treatments (P<0.01). There was no detectable effect of coffee hulls on animal behavior during milking, on the frequency of parlor defecation and on somatic cell count (P>0.46). Concentrate Pulp was the one of greatest financial efficiency and Coffee the least efficient (P=0.05). The smallest cost per kg of the concentrate with coffee hulls was not advantageous proportionally to the induced decrease in milk yield per animal. The daily consumption of coffee hulls was 575 grams per animal. These data suggest that the potential of coffee hulls as a feedstuff for lactating cow diets is low.
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the performance of Holstein- Zebu dairy cows fed concentrates containing 25% of coffee hulls (Coffee) or citrus pulp (Pulp) in substitution to ground corn grain (Corn; 47.4% of the concentrate). Forty two cows were blocked based on milk yield and allocated to one of the three treatments for 56 days, after a 14-day standardization period. Concentrates were fed twice a day during milking time at the ratio of 1 kg of concentrate to each 2.5 kg of the average milk yield of the block measured at the end of the standardization period. The animals were supplemented with 20 kg of sugarcane and had access to Bracchiaria pasture. Measurements of the same variable obtained at the end of the standardization period were used as covariate in the statistical model. Data obtained weekly were analyzed as repeated measures with the SAS Mixed procedure. The substitution of corn by coffee hulls decreased milk and solids yield while citrus pulp resulted in similar performance to corn. The daily 3.5% fat-corrected milk yield was 7.5 kg on Corn, 7.9 kg on Pulp and 6.2 kg on Coffee (P<0.01). The decrease in milk yield for treatment Coffee was observed in the first week of application of treatments and was maintained throughout the experimental period. Cows consuming coffee hulls had greater loss of body weight (P=0.03). Feed orts during milking was 30% on Coffee (P<0.001), higher throughout the experimental period, resulting in smaller concentrate intake in this treatment (P<0.001). Frequency of cows with difficult stall entrance during milking was 10% on Coffee and 1% on the other two treatments (P<0.01). There was no detectable effect of coffee hulls on animal behavior during milking, on the frequency of parlor defecation and on somatic cell count (P>0.46). Concentrate Pulp was the one of greatest financial efficiency and Coffee the least efficient (P=0.05). The smallest cost per kg of the concentrate with coffee hulls was not advantageous proportionally to the induced decrease in milk yield per animal. The daily consumption of coffee hulls was 575 grams per animal. These data suggest that the potential of coffee hulls as a feedstuff for lactating cow diets is low.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Vaca leiteira, Casca de café, Polpa de citros, Nutrição animal
Citação
TAVARES, A. A. C. Avaliação da casca de café como alimento para vacas leiteiras Holandês-Zebu. 2003. 49 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras. 2003.