Relações de preços e hedging no mercado de café
Arquivos
Data
2001
Autores
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Neste trabalho, procurou-se analisar os mercados futuros de café tendo como foco as bolsas de futuros do Brasil (BM&F), de Londres (LIFFE) e de Nova Iorque (NYBOT), como o objetivo principal de servir como referência para que os agentes possam melhor orientar suas estratégias operacionais quando forem utilizar o mercado futuro de café. Para isso foram feitas análises de co- integração, objetivando detectar semelhanças entre os preços praticados pelas bolsas e os praticados no mercado à vista com cálculos da razão ótima do hedge e da efetividade do hedge , com o intuito de mostrar a quantidade que deveria ser "hedgeada" no mercado futuro para minimizar o risco e quanto da proporção da variância da receita poderia ser eliminada por meio de adoção da razão ótima do hedge . Foram utilizadas séries de preços de quatro regiões de referência: Garça e Santos (São Paulo), Patrocínio (Minas Gerais) e Vitória (Espírito Santo). Excetuando-se a região de Vitória, de onde foram utilizadas cotações de preços do café tipo Conillon, em todas as outras os preços cotados foram para o café Arábica. Val ores médios para os diferenciais de preço em diferentes períodos e cálculos dos desvios-padrão serviram de base de apresentação para o comportamento dos preços tanto do mercado à vista quanto de futuros. As análises de co-integração indicaram que os preços à vista das regiões de Patrocínio, Garça e Santos tinham relação de equilíbrio de longo prazo com os preços futuros da BMF&F e NYBOT. Em outras palavras, o comportamento dos preços tanto à vista quanto futuros internos e externos está intimamente relacionado. Com relação aos preços cotados em Vitória (café Conillon), isso não se verificou. Comparando as três bolsas, constatou-se que as operações realizadas no mercado futuro da BM&F são aquelas que apresentam maior razão do hedge e, portanto, maior capacidade de reduzir o risco de preço da operação. O presente estudo permitiu concluir, em linhas gerais, que a melhor efetividade do hedge foi verificada na BM&F, seguida pela NYBOT. Apenas no caso do café (Conillon), a efetividade foi maior na bolsa de Londres. O desempenho favorável encontrado na BM&F, principalmente no ano de 2000, pode ser explicado, em grande parte, pela sua abertura para os agentes estrangeiros das operações do hedging.
In this research, the forward market for coffee was analyzed focusing on the futures stock exchange, the one in Brazil (BM&F), the one in London (LIFFE) and the one in New York (NYBOT), taking as main objective being a reference, so that the agents can better organize their operational strategies when utilizing the forward market for coffee. Therefore, co-integration analysis were made to detect similarities between the prices practiced by the stock exchange and the prices practiced in the short-term market with calculations of the optimum average and the effectiveness of the hedge, aiming to present the amount that should be hedged in the forward market to minimize the risk and how much of the variance proportion of the income could be eliminated through the adoption of the optimum average of the hedge. In the present study, series of prices from four reference regions were used: Garça and Santos (São Paulo), Patrocínio (Minas Gerais) and Vitória (Espírito Santo). Excluding the region of Vitória, where quotation prices of the Conillon coffee were used, for the other regions, the prices estimated were of the Arábia coffee. The ave rage values used to differentiate the prices in different periods and calculations of standard deviation, served as a presentation base of the prices behavior in the short-term market as well as in forward ones. The co-integration analysis demonstrated that the short-term prices from regions of Patrocínio, Garça and Santos, have a long-term balance relation with the futures prices of the BM&F and NYBOT. In other words, the behavior of the prices either short-term or internal or external futures, are closely related. Regarding the prices estimated in Vitória (Conillon coffee) the same is not verified. Comparing the three stocks, the operations performed in the forward market of BM&F are those that present greater average hedge, and, thus, greater capacity to reduce the price risk for the operation. In general terms, through this research, it is possible to conclude that the best hedge effectiveness is verified in the BM&F, followed by NYBOT. Only in Conillon coffee case, the effectiveness is greater in the London stock. The favorable performance achieved by BM&F mainly in the year 2000, can be explained, mostly, by the opening of the hedging operations to foreign agents promoted by BM&F.
In this research, the forward market for coffee was analyzed focusing on the futures stock exchange, the one in Brazil (BM&F), the one in London (LIFFE) and the one in New York (NYBOT), taking as main objective being a reference, so that the agents can better organize their operational strategies when utilizing the forward market for coffee. Therefore, co-integration analysis were made to detect similarities between the prices practiced by the stock exchange and the prices practiced in the short-term market with calculations of the optimum average and the effectiveness of the hedge, aiming to present the amount that should be hedged in the forward market to minimize the risk and how much of the variance proportion of the income could be eliminated through the adoption of the optimum average of the hedge. In the present study, series of prices from four reference regions were used: Garça and Santos (São Paulo), Patrocínio (Minas Gerais) and Vitória (Espírito Santo). Excluding the region of Vitória, where quotation prices of the Conillon coffee were used, for the other regions, the prices estimated were of the Arábia coffee. The ave rage values used to differentiate the prices in different periods and calculations of standard deviation, served as a presentation base of the prices behavior in the short-term market as well as in forward ones. The co-integration analysis demonstrated that the short-term prices from regions of Patrocínio, Garça and Santos, have a long-term balance relation with the futures prices of the BM&F and NYBOT. In other words, the behavior of the prices either short-term or internal or external futures, are closely related. Regarding the prices estimated in Vitória (Conillon coffee) the same is not verified. Comparing the three stocks, the operations performed in the forward market of BM&F are those that present greater average hedge, and, thus, greater capacity to reduce the price risk for the operation. In general terms, through this research, it is possible to conclude that the best hedge effectiveness is verified in the BM&F, followed by NYBOT. Only in Conillon coffee case, the effectiveness is greater in the London stock. The favorable performance achieved by BM&F mainly in the year 2000, can be explained, mostly, by the opening of the hedging operations to foreign agents promoted by BM&F.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Palavras-chave
Café Preços Cálculo de efetividade Análise de hedging Análise de co-integração, Coffee Price Calculus of effectiveness Hedging analysis Co-integration analysis
Citação
Pinto, Wildson Justiniano. Relações de preços e hedging no mercado de café. Viçosa : UFV, 2001. 65p. : il. (Dissertação - mestrado em Economia Rural) Orientador: Orlando Monteiro da Silva. T 338.17373 P659r 2001