Desempenho operacional e econômico da derriça do café com uso da derriçadora lateral
Data
2006-07
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Editora UFLA
Resumo
A colheita do café (Coffea arabica L.) é um processo oneroso que demanda elevado custo com mão-de-obra, cada vez mais escassa, em suas várias etapas: arruação, derriça, varrição , recolhimento, abanação e transporte. Derriça é a operação de retirada do fruto da planta, etapa esta cada vez mais mecanizada. A operação de derriça mecânica, por não retirar da planta toda carga pendente, necessita do uso complementar de mão-de-obra para a operação de repasse. Desta forma é importante analisar o desempenho da operação mecanizada e manual, bem como o ponto de maior viabilidade econômica. Objetivou-se, com o presente trabalho, analisar o custo da derriça mecanizada do café conjuntamente com o repasse manual, mediante o desempenho operacional da derriçadora lateral em três diferentes épocas de colheita. O trabalho foi desenvolvido durante a safra de 2003, na Fazenda Morro Alto, Nepomuceno - MG, em lavoura de 6 anos da variedade Acaiá, plantada com espaçamento de 3,0 x 1,0 metros, portando 2,7 metros de altura. Foram realizados ensaios em parcelas aleatórias com três repetições contendo 5 plantas em linha, utilizando-se a derriçadora lateral modelo Dragão Versati, acoplada e tracionada por um trator Valmet 785, com tração dianteira auxiliar e redutor de velocidade. Os tratamentos constaram da interação das seguintes variáveis: estágio de maturação, freqüência de vibração e velocidade operacional. Os resultados obtidos levam a concluir que o período intermediário de colheita, com 10 a 15% de frutos verdes, mostrou-se mais adequado para a colheita, com eficiência de derriça de 80,3% e custo 37% menor que a derriça manual.
Coffee harvest (Coffea arabica L.) is an expensive process that demands high costs with labor, increasingly scarce in its various stages: cleaning under coffee tree canopy, harvest, sweeping , gathering, fanning and transport. Harvesting is the removal of grains from the plant, a stage where mechanization augment constantly. Mechanical harvesting does not remove all grains from the plant and a complementary hand-picking process is necessary, being important to analyse mechanical and manual harvest to know the minimum cost of the overall operation. This work analyses harvesting costs with mechanical harvest machines together with manual harvesting, based upon performance of a lateral harvester at three harvesting times. The project was carried out under 2003 field harvesting conditions, in Morro Alto farm, located in Neponuceno- MG, Brazil in a 6-year old Acaiá coffee variety crop planted in a 3.0 x 1.0 meters spacing, plants 2.7 meters in height. Tests were accomplished in plots at random with three replicates, each one with 5 plants in line, using a lateral harvester Dragão Versati model, connected to and pulled by a Valmet 785 tractor with 4-wheel drive and reduccion gear for speed. Treatments consisted of interaction of the following variables: stage of maturation of the fruits, vibration frequency and operational speed of the harvester. Results indicate that harvesting at the intermediate time of harvesting, when 10-15% grains are still green, was more adequate, with 80.3% efficiency in harvesting and 37% less costly than in manual harvesting.
Coffee harvest (Coffea arabica L.) is an expensive process that demands high costs with labor, increasingly scarce in its various stages: cleaning under coffee tree canopy, harvest, sweeping , gathering, fanning and transport. Harvesting is the removal of grains from the plant, a stage where mechanization augment constantly. Mechanical harvesting does not remove all grains from the plant and a complementary hand-picking process is necessary, being important to analyse mechanical and manual harvest to know the minimum cost of the overall operation. This work analyses harvesting costs with mechanical harvest machines together with manual harvesting, based upon performance of a lateral harvester at three harvesting times. The project was carried out under 2003 field harvesting conditions, in Morro Alto farm, located in Neponuceno- MG, Brazil in a 6-year old Acaiá coffee variety crop planted in a 3.0 x 1.0 meters spacing, plants 2.7 meters in height. Tests were accomplished in plots at random with three replicates, each one with 5 plants in line, using a lateral harvester Dragão Versati model, connected to and pulled by a Valmet 785 tractor with 4-wheel drive and reduccion gear for speed. Treatments consisted of interaction of the following variables: stage of maturation of the fruits, vibration frequency and operational speed of the harvester. Results indicate that harvesting at the intermediate time of harvesting, when 10-15% grains are still green, was more adequate, with 80.3% efficiency in harvesting and 37% less costly than in manual harvesting.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Derriçadora, Derriça econômica, Colheita de café, Coffea arabica
Citação
SILVA, F. M. et al. Desempenho operacional e econômico da derriça do café com uso da derriçadora lateral. Coffee Science, Lavras, v. 1, n. 2, p. 119-125, jul./dez. 2006.