Sistemas Agoflorestais na recuperação de espaços protegidos por lei (AAP e Reserva Legal): estudo de caso do Sítio Geranium, DF
Data
2014-07-18
Autores
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade de Brasília
Resumo
A recuperação de uma Mata de Galeria é uma tarefa complexa que pode ser facilitada quando se procura trabalhar numa escala mais ampla e não apenas naquela definida pelos limites de uma dada propriedade rural. Além disso, essas matas são protegidas por lei, chamadas de áreas de preservação permanente (APP); tendo seu uso, ocupação e recuperação restritos e controlados pela legislação brasileira. A partir de 2011, o Conama na Resolução no 429 permite que as atividades de manejo agroflorestal sustentável (SAFs), praticadas na pequena propriedade ou posse rural familiar, sejam aplicadas na recuperação de APPs. O mesmo foi feito no Novo Código Florestal. É nesse contexto que os Sistemas Agroflorestais ganham importância como metodologia sustentável com potencial para recuperação de áreas degradadas. O objetivo desse trabalho foi comparar duas áreas de um trecho degradado da Mata de Galeria do Ribeirão Taguatinga (DF), uma recuperada com SAFs e outra sem intervenção, e verificar se esses sistemas apresentaram melhores resultados em relação ao banco de sementes, aos parâmetros fitossociológicos, florísticos e edáficos do que a área em pousio. Além de verificar se os SAFS implantados estão conforme com a legislação vigente sobre recuperação de áreas de preservação permanente (APP) degradadas. Foram marcadas 20 parcelas, alocadas em cinco transectos perpendiculares ao curso do ribeirão, sendo 10 parcelas em cada área (pousio e SAFs), onde foram coletados os dados para a realização das análises. No final da estação seca, 71% das sementes germinadas pertenciam aos SAFs, evidenciando que a maior diversidade de espécies tende a aumentar a entrada de sementes no banco, aumentando o estoque de sementes. Na área em pousio foram inventariados 96 indivíduos, 25 espécies e 16 famílias; na área de SAFs foram mensurados 414 indivíduos distribuídos em 65 espécies e 30 famílias. O coeficiente de Jaccard, a equabilidade, as análises de Cluster e das coordenadas principais (PCO) evidenciam uma divisão entre as parcelas de pousio e de SAFs, formando dois grupos distintos na mata estudada, comprovando a diferença florística entre as áreas e a heterogeneidade encontrada em sistemas biodiversos. Os SAFs apresentaram melhoras no solo em recuperação, apresentando boas médias de CTC, soma e saturação de bases, além do aumento na disponibilidade de P e o acréscimo de matéria orgânica no solo. Dos quatorzes critérios analisados na Matriz de Conformidade, os SAFs receberam o valor máximo em dez. Três critérios foram parcialmente cumpridos e somente um não estava conforme a legislação. No somatório dos pesos, os SAFs receberam mais de um terço do total, comprovando sua conformidade com a legislação vigente. Desta forma, os Sistemas Agroflorestais estudados apresentaram melhores resultados em relação ao banco de sementes, aos parâmetros fitossociológicos, florísticos e edáficos do que a área em pousio.
The recovery of a gallery forest is a complex task that can be facilitated when trying to work on a broader scale and not only that ones defined by the limits of a given farm. In addition, these forests are protected by law, called areas of permanent preservation (APP); with its use, occupation and recovery restricted and controlled by Brazilian laws. From 2011, CONAMA Resolution No. 429 allows that activities of agroforestry sistem (AFS), practiced in small or rural family property ownership, can be applied in the recovery of APPs. The same was done in the Brazilian new Forest Code. It is in this context that AFS gain importance as a sustainable methodology with potential for recovery of degraded areas. The aim of this study was compare two areas of a degraded stretch of gallery forest of Taguatinga stream (Federal Disctrict- DF), one recovered with AFS and another without intervention, and verify if these systems showed better results compared to the seedbank, the phytosociological parameters, floristic and soil parameters than the area of fallow. In addition to checking if the AFS were deployed in line with the current legislation on the recovery of the degraded APP. Twenty plots were marked, allocated in five perpendicular transects to the course of the stream, with 10 plots in each area (fallow and agroforestry), where the data for the analyzes were collected. At the end of the dry season, 71% of the germinated seeds belonged to SAF, showing that the greatest diversity of species tends to increase the intake of seeds in the bank, increasing the stock of seeds. In the area fallow 96 individuals, 25 species and 16 families were inventoried; in the area of agroforestry 414 individuals belonging to 65 species and 30 families were measured. The Jaccard's similarity coefficient, the evenness, the Cluster analysis and principal coordinate (PCO) show a division between plots of fallow and agroforestry, forming two distinct groups in the studied forest, proving the floristic differences between the two areas and the heterogeneity found in biodiverse systems. The AFS showed improvements in soil recovery, featuring good cationic exchange capacity (CEC) avarage, sum and base saturation, and increased the availability of P and the addition of organic matter in the soil. In the fourteen criteria analyzed in the Compliance Matrix, the SAF received a maximum in ten. Three criteria were partially met and only one was not according to the law. The sum of the weights, the SAF received more than one third of the total, confirming their compliance with current legislation. Thus, the studied agroforestry systems showed better results compared to the seed bank, the phytosociological, floristic and soil parameters than in the fallow area parameters.
The recovery of a gallery forest is a complex task that can be facilitated when trying to work on a broader scale and not only that ones defined by the limits of a given farm. In addition, these forests are protected by law, called areas of permanent preservation (APP); with its use, occupation and recovery restricted and controlled by Brazilian laws. From 2011, CONAMA Resolution No. 429 allows that activities of agroforestry sistem (AFS), practiced in small or rural family property ownership, can be applied in the recovery of APPs. The same was done in the Brazilian new Forest Code. It is in this context that AFS gain importance as a sustainable methodology with potential for recovery of degraded areas. The aim of this study was compare two areas of a degraded stretch of gallery forest of Taguatinga stream (Federal Disctrict- DF), one recovered with AFS and another without intervention, and verify if these systems showed better results compared to the seedbank, the phytosociological parameters, floristic and soil parameters than the area of fallow. In addition to checking if the AFS were deployed in line with the current legislation on the recovery of the degraded APP. Twenty plots were marked, allocated in five perpendicular transects to the course of the stream, with 10 plots in each area (fallow and agroforestry), where the data for the analyzes were collected. At the end of the dry season, 71% of the germinated seeds belonged to SAF, showing that the greatest diversity of species tends to increase the intake of seeds in the bank, increasing the stock of seeds. In the area fallow 96 individuals, 25 species and 16 families were inventoried; in the area of agroforestry 414 individuals belonging to 65 species and 30 families were measured. The Jaccard's similarity coefficient, the evenness, the Cluster analysis and principal coordinate (PCO) show a division between plots of fallow and agroforestry, forming two distinct groups in the studied forest, proving the floristic differences between the two areas and the heterogeneity found in biodiverse systems. The AFS showed improvements in soil recovery, featuring good cationic exchange capacity (CEC) avarage, sum and base saturation, and increased the availability of P and the addition of organic matter in the soil. In the fourteen criteria analyzed in the Compliance Matrix, the SAF received a maximum in ten. Three criteria were partially met and only one was not according to the law. The sum of the weights, the SAF received more than one third of the total, confirming their compliance with current legislation. Thus, the studied agroforestry systems showed better results compared to the seed bank, the phytosociological, floristic and soil parameters than in the fallow area parameters.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade de Brasília.
Palavras-chave
Agroecologia, Sistemas Sustentáveis, Legislação Ambiental, Martiz de Conformidade
Citação
LEITE, T. V. P. Sistemas Agoflorestais na recuperação de espaços protegidos por lei (AAP e Reserva Legal): estudo de caso do Sítio Geranium, DF. 2014. 120 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências Florestais) - Universidade de Brasília, Brasília. 2014.