Metabolismo do nitrogênio e concentração de nutrientes no cafeeiro irrigado em razão da dose de N
Data
2009
Autores
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Editor
Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” - Universidade de São Paulo
Resumo
A adubação nitrogenada e sua implicação no metabolismo do cafeeiro ainda não são bem conhecidas nas condições de campo, em cafeicultura altamente tecnificada, com temperatura média de outono-inverno superior a 22 oC e maior quantidade de horas-luz. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi avaliar a atividade das enzimas redutase do nitrato (RN), glutamina sintetase (GS) e urease em função da dose de nitrogênio (sem N, 200, 400, 600 e 800 kg ha -1 ). Avaliou-se também a influência das doses de N (uréia) nas concentrações de N-total, nitrato, amônio, clorofila e carotenóides presentes nas folhas; as flutuações de macro e micronutrientes; bem como a correlação entre a produtividade e doses de N. Objetivou-se também identificar a época do pico da atividade da RN. Os experimentos foram realizados no Oeste baiano e em Piracicaba, SP. As avaliações foram realizadas nas fases fenológicas: vegetação, antese, fruto chumbinho, granação e maturação. A maior atividade da RN ocorreu com o fornecimento de 800 kg ha -1 de N, sem variação nas demais doses, bem como não influenciou a atividade da GS e urease. As concentrações de nitrato e amônio não aumentaram com as doses de N, mas a concentração de aminoácidos foi crescente com a dose do nutriente. A maior atividade da RN verificou-se na fase de vegetação e granação dos frutos, a qual foi superior às 12:00 h, enquanto as atividades da GS e urease foram superiores na fase de granação dos frutos. A maior concentração de nitrato se deu entre a fase de fruto chumbinho e início da granação e do amônio no final da granação. O pico da atividade da RN aconteceu aos 25 dias após a adubação nitrogenada. O uso de altas doses de N não prejudicou a concentração de macro e micronutrientes foliar. Finalmente, a máxima produtividade do cafeeiro foi obtida com a aplicação de 400 kg ha -1 de N.
The nitrogen fertilization and its implication in the nitrogen metabolism of coffee plants are not well known in high technology production under field conditions with autumn-winter average temperatures above 22 o C and a larger photoperiod. The objective of this work was to evaluate the nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase and urease activity due to nitrogen fertilization rates (without N, 200, 400, 600 e 800 kg ha -1 ). In the present work was evaluated also the influence of nitrogen rates on total nitrogen, nitrate, ammonium, chlorophylls and carotenoids concentration in the leaves, the variation of macro and micronutrients as well as the correlationship between coffee yield and nitrogen fertilization rates. Moreover, the goal of this study was to identify the period of peak activity of nitrate reductase. The experiment was carried out at western of Bahia State and Piracicaba, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The periods of evaluations were plant growth, anthesis, pin head fruits, filling and maturation fruits stage development. The highest nitrate reductase activity occurred with 800 kg ha -1 N supply and no changes on this enzyme were observed regarding other rates. Therefore, the nitrogen rates did not affect the glutamine synthetase and urease activity. The nitrate and ammonium concentration did not increase with nitrogen rates; however, the aminoacids concentration increased due to nitrogen fertilization rates. The highest activity of nitrate reductase was observed at 12:00h during plant growth and filling fruits stage development. On the other hand, the higher activity of glutamine synthetase and urease were during filling fruits stage. The highest nitrate concentration was detected during between pin head and beginning of filling fruits stage, and the highest ammonium concentration was during end of filling fruits stage development. The peak activity of nitrate reductase was 25 days after nitrogen fertilization. The high nitrogen rates did not affect the macro and micronutrients concentration in the leaves. The greater coffee yield was provided with 400kg ha -1 of nitrogen supply.
The nitrogen fertilization and its implication in the nitrogen metabolism of coffee plants are not well known in high technology production under field conditions with autumn-winter average temperatures above 22 o C and a larger photoperiod. The objective of this work was to evaluate the nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase and urease activity due to nitrogen fertilization rates (without N, 200, 400, 600 e 800 kg ha -1 ). In the present work was evaluated also the influence of nitrogen rates on total nitrogen, nitrate, ammonium, chlorophylls and carotenoids concentration in the leaves, the variation of macro and micronutrients as well as the correlationship between coffee yield and nitrogen fertilization rates. Moreover, the goal of this study was to identify the period of peak activity of nitrate reductase. The experiment was carried out at western of Bahia State and Piracicaba, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The periods of evaluations were plant growth, anthesis, pin head fruits, filling and maturation fruits stage development. The highest nitrate reductase activity occurred with 800 kg ha -1 N supply and no changes on this enzyme were observed regarding other rates. Therefore, the nitrogen rates did not affect the glutamine synthetase and urease activity. The nitrate and ammonium concentration did not increase with nitrogen rates; however, the aminoacids concentration increased due to nitrogen fertilization rates. The highest activity of nitrate reductase was observed at 12:00h during plant growth and filling fruits stage development. On the other hand, the higher activity of glutamine synthetase and urease were during filling fruits stage. The highest nitrate concentration was detected during between pin head and beginning of filling fruits stage, and the highest ammonium concentration was during end of filling fruits stage development. The peak activity of nitrate reductase was 25 days after nitrogen fertilization. The high nitrogen rates did not affect the macro and micronutrients concentration in the leaves. The greater coffee yield was provided with 400kg ha -1 of nitrogen supply.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado defendida na Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” - Universidade de São Paulo
Palavras-chave
Aminoácidos, Fenologia, Macronutriente, Micronutriente, Redutase de nitrato
Citação
PAULA NETO, A. Metabolismo do nitrogênio e concentração de nutrientes no cafeeiro irrigado em razão da dose de N. 2009. 93 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Fitotecnia) - Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba. 2009.