Atributos físicos e químicos do solo em lavoura de café conilon consorciado
Data
2017-02-21
Autores
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Editor
Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
O café conilon possui grande importância socioeconômica para o Brasil, principalmente para o Estado do Espírito Santo, maior produtor nacional da cultura. O cultivo de café no Espírito Santo, como no resto do país, é predominantemente realizado em monocultivo a pleno sol, porém este sistema tem sido questionado pelos efeitos negativos que causa ao solo quando mal manejado, sendo uma alternativa a adoção de sistemas de cultivo consorciado. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os efeitos do cultivo de café conilon consorciado nos atributos do solo em relação ao monocultivo a pleno sol. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental Bananal do Norte (Incaper), localizada no município de Cachoeiro de Itapemirim. A variedade plantada é “EMCAPER 8151” e os sistemas de cultivo estudados foram: M1- cafeeiro conilon em monocultivo; cafeeiro conilon consorciado com: M2- pupunheira, M3- gliricídia, M4- bananeira cv. Japira e M5- ingazeiro e; M6- vegetação natural em estado de regeneração. Amostras indeformadas e deformadas de solo foram coletadas nas áreas nas camadas 0-0,10; 0,10-0,20; 0,20-0,40; 0,40- 0,80 m para análise dos atributos físicos (densidade do solo, porosidade total, macroporosidade e microporosidade) e químicos do solo (pH, P, K, Ca, Mg, Al, H+Al, SB, CTC , V, m, P-rem, MO, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu e B). A análise estatística foi realizada por meio da análise de variância pelo teste F (p>0,05) e, quando significativo, aplicado o teste de médias de Tukey (p<0,05). A análise multivariada foi realizada pelo método de componentes principais (ACP) e pelo método de agrupamento (Cluster) envolvendo as variáveis em estudo. A fertilidade do solo nas camadas 0- 0,1 m e 0,1-0,2 m nos anos 2015 e 2016 apresentou teores adequados, variando de médio a alto, de acordo com a recomendação da literatura. Devido ao pequeno tempo de implantação dos sistemas de cultivo não foi possível observar diferenças marcantes entre os sistemas de cultivo do cafeeiro conilon para os atributos avaliados. Na análise de agrupamento a formação de grupos ocorreu principalmente em função da profundidade da camada do solo nos dois anos avaliados, camada de 0-0,10 m, o que também pode ser observado pela análise de variância onde as camadas superficiais apresentaram maiores valores para a maioria dos atributos avaliados. As componentes principais 1 e 2, no ano de 2015, explicaram juntas 58,08% da variância dos dados, e no ano de 2016, explicaram juntas 68,26% da variância total dos dados.
Conilon coffee has great socioeconomic importance for Brazil, especially for the State of Espírito Santo, the largest national producer of the crop. Coffee cultivation in Espírito Santo, as in the rest of the country, is predominantly carried out in monoculture in full sun, but this system has been questioned by the negative effects that it causes to the soil when poorly managed, being an alternative to the adoption of systems of intercropping. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of conilon coffee intercropping on soil attributes in relation to monoculture in full sun. The experiment was carried at Farming Experimental Bananal of the North (Incaper), located in Cachoeiro de Itapemirim. The planted variety is "EMCAPER 8151" and the cultivation systems studied were: M1- conilon coffee monoculture; Conilon coffee consortium with: M2- peach palm, M3- gliricidia, M4- banana cv. Japira and M5- ingazeiro and; M6 - natural vegetation in state of regeneration. Undeformed and deformed soil samples were collected in the areas in the layers 0-0.10; 0.10-0.20; 0.20-0.40; 0.40-0.80 m to analyze the physical attributes (soil density, total porosity, macroporosity and microporosity) and soil chemistry (pH, P, K, Ca, Mg, Al, H+Al, SB, CTC , V, m, P-rem, MO, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu and B). Statistical analysis was performed through analysis of variance by the F test (p>0.05) and, when significant, Tukey's mean test (p <0.05) was applied. The multivariate analysis was performed using the main components method (PCA) and the Cluster method involving the variables under study. Soil fertility in the 0-0.1 m and 0.1-0.2 m layers in the years 2015 and 2016 presented adequate levels, varying from medium to high, according to the literature recommendation. Because to the short time of implantation of the cultivation systems it was not possible to observe marked differences between the systems of cultivation of conilon coffee for the assessed attributes. In group analysis, group formation occurred mainly as a function of the depth of the soil layer in the two evaluated years, 0-0.10 m layer, which can also be observed by analysis of variance where the surface layers presented higher values for most of the evaluated attributes. Principal components 1 and 2, in the year 2015, together explained 58.08% of the data variance, and in 2016, 68.26% of the total data variance.
Conilon coffee has great socioeconomic importance for Brazil, especially for the State of Espírito Santo, the largest national producer of the crop. Coffee cultivation in Espírito Santo, as in the rest of the country, is predominantly carried out in monoculture in full sun, but this system has been questioned by the negative effects that it causes to the soil when poorly managed, being an alternative to the adoption of systems of intercropping. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of conilon coffee intercropping on soil attributes in relation to monoculture in full sun. The experiment was carried at Farming Experimental Bananal of the North (Incaper), located in Cachoeiro de Itapemirim. The planted variety is "EMCAPER 8151" and the cultivation systems studied were: M1- conilon coffee monoculture; Conilon coffee consortium with: M2- peach palm, M3- gliricidia, M4- banana cv. Japira and M5- ingazeiro and; M6 - natural vegetation in state of regeneration. Undeformed and deformed soil samples were collected in the areas in the layers 0-0.10; 0.10-0.20; 0.20-0.40; 0.40-0.80 m to analyze the physical attributes (soil density, total porosity, macroporosity and microporosity) and soil chemistry (pH, P, K, Ca, Mg, Al, H+Al, SB, CTC , V, m, P-rem, MO, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu and B). Statistical analysis was performed through analysis of variance by the F test (p>0.05) and, when significant, Tukey's mean test (p <0.05) was applied. The multivariate analysis was performed using the main components method (PCA) and the Cluster method involving the variables under study. Soil fertility in the 0-0.1 m and 0.1-0.2 m layers in the years 2015 and 2016 presented adequate levels, varying from medium to high, according to the literature recommendation. Because to the short time of implantation of the cultivation systems it was not possible to observe marked differences between the systems of cultivation of conilon coffee for the assessed attributes. In group analysis, group formation occurred mainly as a function of the depth of the soil layer in the two evaluated years, 0-0.10 m layer, which can also be observed by analysis of variance where the surface layers presented higher values for most of the evaluated attributes. Principal components 1 and 2, in the year 2015, together explained 58.08% of the data variance, and in 2016, 68.26% of the total data variance.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo.
Palavras-chave
Análise multivariada, Café conilon, Sombreamento
Citação
ALVES, D. I. Atributos físicos e químicos do solo em lavoura de café conilon consorciado. 2017. 77 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Produção Vegetal)- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre. 2017.