CARACTERIZAÇÃO MOLECULAR DA INTERAÇÃO CAFEEIRO/BICHO- MINEIRO
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2011
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As plantas possuem sofisticados mecanismos de percepção à ataques externos e cujas informações são transmitidas de modo com que todo o seu sistema esteja preparado para agir em defesa própria. Para compreender as bases moleculares deste e outros mecanismos biológicos, pesquisas em larga escala envolvendo a expressão de genes são amplamente aplicadas. Para este estudo foram selecionados dois genótipos de cafeeiros, resistentes e suscetíveis ao bicho mineiro (Leucoptera coffeella), a fim de verificar as possíveis diferenças e semelhanças na expressão dos genes ao longo do processo de infestação. Para tanto, amostras de folhas das plantas foram coletadas em 3 tempos de infestação diferentes sendo eles, tempo zero (T0 – antes da infestação), tempo 1 (T1 – ovoposição) e tempo 2 (T2 – eclosão dos ovos) e os RNA’s foram extraídos. A análise de microarranjo foi feita utilizando o modelo 12 X 135K e contou com um total de 22.500 sequencias de EST derivadas no banco de dados do genoma do café (CAFEST) onde cada seqüência foi representada por 6 oligos diferentes. As hibridizações, scanning e normalização dos dados foram realizados utilizando os programas Nimble Scan® e ArrayStar®. As expressões diferencias foram estabelecidas por comparação dos valores de fold change obtidos, e aquelas cujos valores ficaram +/- 2 foram consideradas não diferenciais. As análises de microarranjos indicaram que em todos os tempos testados houve uma pequena parcela do total de genes que apresentou expressão significativa. Nas plantas não infectadas houve expressão diferencial de 2137 genes (4,09% superexpresso e 5,94% reprimidos em plantas suscetíveis). No tempo 1, os valores de fold change foram significativos para 2359 genes onde 5,29% foram super-expressos e 5,78 foram reprimidos em plantas suscetíveis. Em T2, 4,17% e 6,42% do total de genes foram superexpressos e reprimidos respectivamente em plantas suscetíveis. Com os perfis obtidos foi possível selecionar genes que potencialmente podem distinguir uma interação compatível de uma incompatível e assim, estabelecer alguns dos genes responsáveis pelos mecanismos de defesa em cafeeiros contra o bicho-mineiro. Os genes selecionados servirão como base para buscas de polimorfismos gênicos que possam ser utilizados como marcadores para seleção assistida de progênies resistentes ao inseto.
Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to perceive environmental and biological attacks, and to translate that perception into an adaptive response. To understand the transcriptional basis of this resistance - susceptibility relationship two coffee genotypes, susceptible and resistant to leaf miner (Leucoptera coffella), were compared and changes in defense strategies before and after the pathogen attack were identified through microarray analysis. For this purpose, leaf samples were collected in three different times of infestation: Time zero (T0 – before de infestation), time 1 (T1 – oviposition), time 2 (T2 – eclosion) and the RNA was extracted. A total of 22.500 EST sequences from the Coffee Genome Database were selected for the 12 X 135K array synthesis, each one represented by 6 different oligos. Fluorescence probes were synthesized using mRNA from infected and non-infected plants maintained in greenhouse. Array hybridization, scanning and data normalization were performed using Nimble Scan® e Array Star® platforms. Differential expression was established by comparisons of gene fold change values, and those with values +/-2 were considered differentially expressed. The microarray analysis indicated that the three plant-insect interactions showed a different pattern of response, regarding gene expression profile. In non-infected plants substantial changes were demonstrated in susceptible plants for 2137 genes (4, 09% up-regulated and 5, 94% down-regulated). In T1 the fold change values were significative for 2359 genes where 5, 29% were up-regulated and 5, 78 were down- regulated in susceptible plants. In T2 4, 17% and 6, 42% of the total genes were up and down-regulated respectively in susceptible plants. Among the genes differentially expressed in all interactions tested was possible to differentiate the compatible and incompatible interaction and so establish some of the genes responsible for defense mechanism in coffee plants against leaf miner. On the other hand these selected genes could be used as markers for breeding program These preliminary results show strong evidence that the immune responses are finely balanced with other cellular functions. Also the analyses suggest a major metabolic reconfiguration that underscores the complexity of response to pathogen attack.
Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to perceive environmental and biological attacks, and to translate that perception into an adaptive response. To understand the transcriptional basis of this resistance - susceptibility relationship two coffee genotypes, susceptible and resistant to leaf miner (Leucoptera coffella), were compared and changes in defense strategies before and after the pathogen attack were identified through microarray analysis. For this purpose, leaf samples were collected in three different times of infestation: Time zero (T0 – before de infestation), time 1 (T1 – oviposition), time 2 (T2 – eclosion) and the RNA was extracted. A total of 22.500 EST sequences from the Coffee Genome Database were selected for the 12 X 135K array synthesis, each one represented by 6 different oligos. Fluorescence probes were synthesized using mRNA from infected and non-infected plants maintained in greenhouse. Array hybridization, scanning and data normalization were performed using Nimble Scan® e Array Star® platforms. Differential expression was established by comparisons of gene fold change values, and those with values +/-2 were considered differentially expressed. The microarray analysis indicated that the three plant-insect interactions showed a different pattern of response, regarding gene expression profile. In non-infected plants substantial changes were demonstrated in susceptible plants for 2137 genes (4, 09% up-regulated and 5, 94% down-regulated). In T1 the fold change values were significative for 2359 genes where 5, 29% were up-regulated and 5, 78 were down- regulated in susceptible plants. In T2 4, 17% and 6, 42% of the total genes were up and down-regulated respectively in susceptible plants. Among the genes differentially expressed in all interactions tested was possible to differentiate the compatible and incompatible interaction and so establish some of the genes responsible for defense mechanism in coffee plants against leaf miner. On the other hand these selected genes could be used as markers for breeding program These preliminary results show strong evidence that the immune responses are finely balanced with other cellular functions. Also the analyses suggest a major metabolic reconfiguration that underscores the complexity of response to pathogen attack.
Descrição
Trabalho apresentado no Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (7. : 2011 : Araxá, MG). Anais Brasília, D.F: Embrapa - Café, 2011
Palavras-chave
Coffea arabica, Leucoptera coffeella, microarranjos, expressão gênica., Coffea arabica, Leucoptera coffeella, microarray, plant defense.
Citação
Martinati, J. C.; Guerreiro Filho, O.; Vidal, R.O.; Carazzolle, M. F.; Maluf, M. P. Caracterização molecular da interação cafeeiro/ bicho-mineiro. In: Simpósio de Pesquisa dos cafés do Brasil (7. : 2011 : Araxá, MG). Anais Brasília, D.F: Embrapa - Café, 2011 (1 CD-ROM), 6p.