Características químicas e sensoriais de genótipos de Coffea arabica sob níveis e duração do estresse hídrico no Cerrado
Data
2022-06-30
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Editor
UNB - Universidade de Brasília
Resumo
O interesse da população por cafés que apresentam boa qualidade de bebida cresce em conjunto com a necessidade de tecnologias associadas com genótipos eficientes quanto ao uso de água, devido às características do cultivo no Cerrado. Diante disso, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito da imposição de intensidade e duração de estresse hídrico na composição química dos grãos de café de diferentes genótipos localizados no Cerrado do Centro-Oeste brasileiro e comparar com a percepção da qualidade do grão através de análise sensorial especializada. O experimento foi conduzido no período das safras de 2019/2020 e 2020/2021, em uma área experimental da Embrapa Cerrados – PlanaltinaDF. O experimento é composto por cinco genótipos de Coffea arabica e sete regimes hídricos. Os genótipos utilizados foram: IAPAR 59, Tópazio linhagem MG-1190, E 237, IPR 98 e Catuaí linhagem IAC-99. Os regimes hídricos são constituídos por dois níveis de reposição hídrica 100% e 50% da evapotranspiração da cultura, aplicados durante todo o ano (IP 100% e IP 50%), e em dois períodos de déficit hídrico (DH1 e DH2) ambos com reposição hídricas de 100% e 50%, além do sequeiro. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualisados, com quatro repetições e cada tratamento hídrico constituiu um experimento. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância a 5% de probabilidade pelo teste F e a comparação das médias feita pelo teste de Tukey. Os valores de cafeína e sacarose foram semelhantes nos dois anos de experimento. Em DH2 50% a cultivar IAPAR 59 destacou-se das demais ao apresentar maior média no teor de cafeína em 2021. Os maiores valores de sacarose foram observados nos regimes de maior restrição hídrica, DH1 50% e DH2 50% em 2020 e em sequeiro em 2021. Quanto às avaliações de ácido cítrico a cultivar IAPAR 59 se destacou no ano de 2020, no qual apresentou as maiores médias de ácido cítrico nos experimentos com 100% de reposição da evapotranspiração e o Topázio linhagem MG-1190 se destacou com o regime DH2 50% com valores mais baixos nos dois anos. Os genótipos de café, em condições de estresse hídrico, apresentam respostas variáveis quanto às suas características quimicas. Cafeeiros em condições de estresse hídrico apresentam melhora na qualidade química dos grãos crus. Não houve correlação entre os atributos sensoriais e a caracterização química dos grãos crus.
The interest of the population for coffees that have good quality of drink grows together with the need for technologies associated with efficient genotypes regarding the use of water, due to the characteristics of cultivation in the Cerrado. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate the effect of the imposition of intensity and duration of water stress on the chemical composition of coffee beans of different genotypes located in the Cerrado of the Brazilian Midwest and compare with the perception of the quality of the bean through analysis specialized sensory. The experiment was conducted during the 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 harvests, in an experimental area of Embrapa Cerrados - Planaltina-DF. The experiment consists of five Coffea arabica genotypes and seven water regimes. The genotypes used were: IAPAR 59, Tópazio lineage MG-1190, E 237, IPR 98 and Catuaí lineage IAC-99. The water regimes consist of two levels of water replacement 100% and 50% of crop evapotranspiration, applied throughout the year (IP 100% and IP 50%), and in two periods of water deficit (DH1 and DH2) both with 100% and 50% water replacement, in addition to rainfed. The experimental design used was in randomized blocks, with four replications and each water treatment constituted an experiment. Data were submitted to analysis of variance at 5% probability using the F test and the means were compared using Tukey's test. Caffeine and sucrose values were similar in the two years of experiment. In DH2 50%, the cultivar IAPAR 59 stood out from the others by presenting the highest average caffeine content in 2021. The highest sucrose values were observed in the regimes of greater water restriction, DH1 50% and DH2 50% in 2020 and in rainfed conditions. in 2021. As for citric acid evaluations, the cultivar IAPAR 59 stood out in 2020, in which it presented the highest averages of citric acid in the experiments with 100% evapotranspiration replacement and the Topázio strain MG-1190 stood out with the regimen DH2 50% with lower values in both years. The coffee genotypes, under water stress conditions, present variable responses regarding their chemical characteristics. Coffee plants under water stress conditions improve the chemical quality of raw beans. There was no correlation between sensory attributes and chemical characterization of raw grains.
The interest of the population for coffees that have good quality of drink grows together with the need for technologies associated with efficient genotypes regarding the use of water, due to the characteristics of cultivation in the Cerrado. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate the effect of the imposition of intensity and duration of water stress on the chemical composition of coffee beans of different genotypes located in the Cerrado of the Brazilian Midwest and compare with the perception of the quality of the bean through analysis specialized sensory. The experiment was conducted during the 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 harvests, in an experimental area of Embrapa Cerrados - Planaltina-DF. The experiment consists of five Coffea arabica genotypes and seven water regimes. The genotypes used were: IAPAR 59, Tópazio lineage MG-1190, E 237, IPR 98 and Catuaí lineage IAC-99. The water regimes consist of two levels of water replacement 100% and 50% of crop evapotranspiration, applied throughout the year (IP 100% and IP 50%), and in two periods of water deficit (DH1 and DH2) both with 100% and 50% water replacement, in addition to rainfed. The experimental design used was in randomized blocks, with four replications and each water treatment constituted an experiment. Data were submitted to analysis of variance at 5% probability using the F test and the means were compared using Tukey's test. Caffeine and sucrose values were similar in the two years of experiment. In DH2 50%, the cultivar IAPAR 59 stood out from the others by presenting the highest average caffeine content in 2021. The highest sucrose values were observed in the regimes of greater water restriction, DH1 50% and DH2 50% in 2020 and in rainfed conditions. in 2021. As for citric acid evaluations, the cultivar IAPAR 59 stood out in 2020, in which it presented the highest averages of citric acid in the experiments with 100% evapotranspiration replacement and the Topázio strain MG-1190 stood out with the regimen DH2 50% with lower values in both years. The coffee genotypes, under water stress conditions, present variable responses regarding their chemical characteristics. Coffee plants under water stress conditions improve the chemical quality of raw beans. There was no correlation between sensory attributes and chemical characterization of raw grains.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado defendida no ??????? - Universidade de Brasília.
Palavras-chave
déficit hídrico, qualidade química de café, análise sensorial, manejo de irrigação, iapar 59, water deficit, coffee chemical quality, sensory analysis, irrigation management
Citação
SILVA, Nathalia Henriques da. Características químicas e sensoriais de genótipos de Coffea arabica sob níveis e duração do estresse hídrico no Cerrado. 2022. 77 f., il. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia) — Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 2022.