Projeto, construção e teste de uma fornalha a carvão vegetal para secagem de café
Arquivos
Data
1998
Autores
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
O pré-processamento influi diretamente na qualidade final do café. Sabe-se que os grãos de café despolpado/descascado geralmente originam um produto final de bebida suave que alcança preços elevados no mercado, porém estes grãos, durante o processo de secagem, são mais susceptíveis aos danos causados por fatores como: temperatura, tempo de exposição e qualidade do ar de secagem. Experimentalmente, é conhecida a viabilidade do carvão vegetal como fonte de energia limpa para secagem de produtos agrícolas, pois gera calor praticamente livre da fumaça densa e de contaminantes durante o processo de secagem dos grãos. Em virtude da necessidade de se desenvolverem alternativas que permitam a melhoria da qualidade final do café seco, foi desenvolvida e testada uma fornalha de aquecimento direto do ar de secagem, utilizando carvão vegetal como combustível. Realizaram-se três testes com três repetições, nos quais foram utilizadas aberturas diferentes do topo da fornalha. O combustível utilizado foi carvão vegetal proveniente de madeira de eucalipto. O ar de secagem foi mantido à temperatura de 51oC. Foram determinados a temperatura do ar ambiente, a temperatura e a pressão do ar de secagem e o consumo de combustível, em intervalos regulares, para cada teste. A eficiência energética foi determinada pela razão entre a energia recebida pelo ar de secagem e a energia liberada pelo combustível. Com base nos resultados obtidos, verificou-se que a maior média de eficiência energética (95,29%) sucedeu com a maior média da vazão do ar de secagem (0,81 m3.s-1) e com a menor média de consumo de carvão vegetal (2,87 kg.h-1), obtida com a abertura do topo da fornalha igual a 0,60 x 0,40 m. Após projetar, construir e testar a fornalha, foi possível seu redimensionamento, por meio da determinação de
parâmetros, como taxa de liberação de energia (K) e taxa de combustão (Nc), mais adequados para o dimensionamento de fornalhas a carvão vegetal. Verificou-se, portanto, a viabilidade da utilização deste sistema para secagem de grãos e café, em particular, devido ao fato de gerar energia praticamente limpa com significativa eficiência.
The preprocessing stage affects directly the final coffee quality. It is well-known that the hulled/pulped coffee grains generally originate a final product which gives a bland drink and reaches high market prices. By the other hand, during the drying process these grains are more susceptible to the injuries caused by factors such as: temperature, exposure time and the air-drying quality. Experimentally the charcoal is viable as a clean energy source in drying the agricultural products since the heat it produces is practically free of dense smoke and contaminants during the grain drying process. Facing the need for alternatives which would turn possible to improve the dry coffee final quality, a drying-air directly heating furnace which uses charcoal as fuel was developed and tested. Three tests were conducted with three replicates by using different openings at the furnace upper part. The charcoal from eucalypt wood was used as fuel. The drying air was kept at 52oC temperature. For each test the environmental air temperature, the drying-air pressure and the fuel consumption were determined at regular intervals. The energy efficiency was determined by the ratio between the energy received by the drying air and the energy delivered from fuel. Based on the results, it was verified that the highest energy efficiency average (95.29%) occurred with the highest average of the air-drying flow rate (0.81 m3.s-1) and with the lowest charcoal consumption average (2.87 kg.h-1) obtained from the upper part furnace opening measuring 0.60 x 0.40 m. After projecting, constructing and testing the furnace, its redimensioning was possible by determination of the parameters such as the energy delivery rate (K) and combustion rate (Nc) which are more adequate to the charcoal furnace dimensioning. Thus this system viability for grains and coffee drying in particular was evidenced for its capacity in generating a practically clean energy with significant efficiency.
The preprocessing stage affects directly the final coffee quality. It is well-known that the hulled/pulped coffee grains generally originate a final product which gives a bland drink and reaches high market prices. By the other hand, during the drying process these grains are more susceptible to the injuries caused by factors such as: temperature, exposure time and the air-drying quality. Experimentally the charcoal is viable as a clean energy source in drying the agricultural products since the heat it produces is practically free of dense smoke and contaminants during the grain drying process. Facing the need for alternatives which would turn possible to improve the dry coffee final quality, a drying-air directly heating furnace which uses charcoal as fuel was developed and tested. Three tests were conducted with three replicates by using different openings at the furnace upper part. The charcoal from eucalypt wood was used as fuel. The drying air was kept at 52oC temperature. For each test the environmental air temperature, the drying-air pressure and the fuel consumption were determined at regular intervals. The energy efficiency was determined by the ratio between the energy received by the drying air and the energy delivered from fuel. Based on the results, it was verified that the highest energy efficiency average (95.29%) occurred with the highest average of the air-drying flow rate (0.81 m3.s-1) and with the lowest charcoal consumption average (2.87 kg.h-1) obtained from the upper part furnace opening measuring 0.60 x 0.40 m. After projecting, constructing and testing the furnace, its redimensioning was possible by determination of the parameters such as the energy delivery rate (K) and combustion rate (Nc) which are more adequate to the charcoal furnace dimensioning. Thus this system viability for grains and coffee drying in particular was evidenced for its capacity in generating a practically clean energy with significant efficiency.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Palavras-chave
Cafe Secagem Fornalha a carvao vegetal Projetos e construcao, Coffee drying Charcoal furnace
Citação
Silva, Iracema Duval da. Projeto, construção e teste de uma fornalha a carvão vegetal para secagem de café. Viçosa : UFV, 1998. 81p. : il. (Dissertação - mestrado em Engenharia Agrícola) Orientador: Jadir Nogueira da Silva. T631.586 S586p 1998