Contribuições adicionais da adubação verde para a lavoura cafeeira
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Data
2001
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Resumo
A degradação da fertilidade dos solos nas regiões cafeeiras do Paraná é um dos fatores principais responsáveis pela baixa produtividade atual de café no Estado, embora se verifique aumento no consumo de fertilizantes inorgânicos. O uso de fertilizantes minerais não tem sido suficiente para melhorar a fertilidade do solo e garantir adequadas produtividades. A adubação verde, além da proteção e melhoria da fertilidade do solo e maior produtividade, pode exercer outros efeitos benéficos às plantas. O experimento foi conduzido na Estação Experimental do IAPAR, no município de Ibiporã-PR, com o
objetivo de avaliar a redução da dependência por fertilizantes minerais, melhoria na estrutura produtiva do cafeeiro e nutrição relacionada à ocorrência de doença. Foram aplicados os tratamentos: sem adubação; adubação mineral (180-50-130 kg/ha de N, P 2 O 5 e K 2 O); adubação orgânica (composto de gado e leucena) + leucena 1 ; 1/2 adubação orgânica + 1/2 adubação mineral; leucena 2; e 2/3 adubação orgânica + 1/3 adubação mineral + leucena1 . A adubação orgânica baseou-se na equivalência do N fornecido pelo fertilizante mineral. A leucena foi utilizada com uma e duas linhas/rua de cafeeiro. Os resultados mostraram que a leucena é um adubo verde com ótima produção de biomassa e acumulação de quantidades apreciáveis de nitrogênio, potássio e cálcio. A nutrição nitrogenada mostrou dois aspectos interessantes quanto à mortalidade de ramos produtivos e a presença da doença cercosporiose (Cercospora coffeicola Berk et Cooke), ambos inversamente proporcional à concentração foliar de N. A produção de café aumentou com o adubo verde (leucena 2 ), que contribuiu para o fornecimento equivalente a 130 kg - N/ha, indicando que parte do N pode estar sendo perdida. O manejo da biomassa na superfície do solo pode ser responsável por essa perda, necessitando esta prática de mais estudos. Os resultados indicam que
a adubação verde contribui para o aumento da produtividade de café, reduz riscos com cercospora, diminui a mortalidade de ramos e a dependência do produtor por adubos minerais, com diminuição nos custos de produção.
Soil fertility degradation of the Paraná coffee areas is one of the main factors responsible for the low coffee productivity, although it is documented an increase in the inorganic fertilizer consumption. The use of mineral fertilizer alone has not been sufficient to improve soil fertility levels for an adequate coffee productivity in the state of Paraná. It is claimed that green manure is an alternative not only to protect and to improve soil fertility for increasing coffee productivity but also to provide other benefits to coffee plants. A field experiment was conducted at IAPAR Experimental station, Ibiporã, state of Paraná with the objectives to evaluate the reduction in dependence of the mineral fertilizers and the improvement in coffee productive structure and nutrition related to the incidences of coffee diseases. The treatments were: control (no fertilizers); mineral fertilizers (180-50-130 kg/ha of N, P2 O5, and K2 O); organic manure (cattle compost and leucaena) + leucaena1 ; ½ organic manure + ½ mineral fertilizers; leucaena 2 ; and 2/3 organic manure + 1/3 mineral fertilizers + leucaena 1 . The organic manure rate was equivalent to the N content in the mineral fertilizer. Leucaena was sown in one and two lines between coffee rows. The results showed that leucaena is a green manure with high biomass production and high capacity for accumulating appreciable quantities of N (L 1 = 400 kg N ha -1 and L 2 = 600 kg N ha -1 ), K and Ca. The nitrogen nutrition presented two interesting aspects in relation to the death of coffee productive branches and the presence of disease caused by Cercospora coffeicola Berk et Cooke: both parameters were inversely correlated with N leaf concentration. The coffee yields increased in the presence of green manure (leucaena 2 ), which provided N supplement equivalent to 130 kg/ha. This result indicated that part of N was lost. The management of leucaena biomass on the soil surface was probably for the N loss by different forms, indicating that the green manure residues management on the soil surface needs supplementary studies. In conclusion the results indicated that green manure helps to increase coffee productivity, decrease the risk of cercospora disease, decrease the death of productive coffee branches, decrease the dependence of the coffee growers for the mineral fertilizers and decrease the coffee production costs.
Soil fertility degradation of the Paraná coffee areas is one of the main factors responsible for the low coffee productivity, although it is documented an increase in the inorganic fertilizer consumption. The use of mineral fertilizer alone has not been sufficient to improve soil fertility levels for an adequate coffee productivity in the state of Paraná. It is claimed that green manure is an alternative not only to protect and to improve soil fertility for increasing coffee productivity but also to provide other benefits to coffee plants. A field experiment was conducted at IAPAR Experimental station, Ibiporã, state of Paraná with the objectives to evaluate the reduction in dependence of the mineral fertilizers and the improvement in coffee productive structure and nutrition related to the incidences of coffee diseases. The treatments were: control (no fertilizers); mineral fertilizers (180-50-130 kg/ha of N, P2 O5, and K2 O); organic manure (cattle compost and leucaena) + leucaena1 ; ½ organic manure + ½ mineral fertilizers; leucaena 2 ; and 2/3 organic manure + 1/3 mineral fertilizers + leucaena 1 . The organic manure rate was equivalent to the N content in the mineral fertilizer. Leucaena was sown in one and two lines between coffee rows. The results showed that leucaena is a green manure with high biomass production and high capacity for accumulating appreciable quantities of N (L 1 = 400 kg N ha -1 and L 2 = 600 kg N ha -1 ), K and Ca. The nitrogen nutrition presented two interesting aspects in relation to the death of coffee productive branches and the presence of disease caused by Cercospora coffeicola Berk et Cooke: both parameters were inversely correlated with N leaf concentration. The coffee yields increased in the presence of green manure (leucaena 2 ), which provided N supplement equivalent to 130 kg/ha. This result indicated that part of N was lost. The management of leucaena biomass on the soil surface was probably for the N loss by different forms, indicating that the green manure residues management on the soil surface needs supplementary studies. In conclusion the results indicated that green manure helps to increase coffee productivity, decrease the risk of cercospora disease, decrease the death of productive coffee branches, decrease the dependence of the coffee growers for the mineral fertilizers and decrease the coffee production costs.
Descrição
Trabalho apresentado no Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (2. : 2001 : Vitória, ES). Resumos. Brasília, D.F. : Embrapa Café, 2001. 181p. : il.
Palavras-chave
Café Adubação verde, Soil management Nitrogen nutrition Leaf diagnosis Dieback and disease.
Citação
Chaves, Júlio César Dias. Contribuições adicionais da adubação verde para a lavoura cafeeira. In: Simpósio Brasileiro de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (2. : 2001 : Vitória, ES). Anais. Brasília, D.F. : Embrapa Café, 2001. (CD-ROM), p. 2440-2448.