QUALIDADE FÍSICA E SENSORIAL DE CULTIVARES DE Coffea arabica PARA PRODUÇÃO DE CAFÉS ESPECIAIS NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO
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2011
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Resumo
No mercado de cafés especiais são mais valorizados os cafés que apresentem elevada qualidade física e sensorial, e que possuam perfil sensorial equilibrado e atributos qualitativos distintos dos demais cafés, principalmente em termos de aroma, sabor, acidez e corpo. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade física e sensorial de cultivares de café arábica visando identificar genótipos promissores para a produção de cafés especiais no Estado de São Paulo. Foram avaliados 18 genótipos de Coffea arabica L., incluindo linhagens de Bourbon Amarelo, Bourbon Vermelho, Caturra Amarelo, Caturra Vermelho, Mundo Novo, Mundo Novo Amarelo e Catuaí Vermelho. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Recreio Estate Coffee em São Sebastião da Grama-SP, em delineamento estatístico de blocos ao acaso com 3 repetições. Frutos maduros colhidos nas colheitas de 2009 e 2010 foram processados por via semi-úmida (cereja descascado) e secados ao sol em terreiro suspenso até os grãos atingirem teor de água de 11% (b.u.). Os cafés foram classificados em peneiras com perfurações circulares de 19, 18, 17 e 16/64 avos de polegada e após eliminação de grãos defeituosos foram submetidos à análise sensorial conforme o protocolo da Specialty Coffee Association of America (SCAA), avaliando-se o perfil sensorial e a qualidade da bebida do café. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que: a) há diferenças entre cultivares de C. arabica e linhagens de Bourbon para a qualidade física e sensorial; b) genótipos superiores de Bourbon poderão ser selecionados para maior tamanho de grãos; c) a seleção de genótipos superiores de C. arabica para a produção de cafés especiais deve ser feita prioritariamente com base em atributos sensoriais; d) em linhagens de Bourbon Amarelo, as melhores características físicas dos grãos não se associam, obrigatoriamente, à melhor qualidade da bebida; e) a cultivar Mundo Novo IAC 502/9 apresentou potencial qualitativo, físico e sensorial, compatível com os melhores Bourbons Amarelos.
In the specialty coffee market are preferred coffees that present good physical characteristics and better beverage quality with distinctive sensory profile, emphasizing the aroma, flavour, sweetness, acidy and body. The objective of this work was to evaluate the coffee beans physical characteristics and sensory quality of arabica coffee varieties aiming to identify promissory genotypes for specialty coffee production in Sao Paulo Estate. It was analyzed 18 Coffea arabica genotypes, including Yellow Bourbon, Red Bourbon, Yellow Caturra, Red Caturra, Mundo Novo and Catuaí selections. The experiment was carried out in Sao Sebastiao da Grama, Sao Paulo Estate in the 2009 and 2010 harvests using the randomized completely blocks design with three replications. Ripe coffee fruits were prepared by the semi-washed processing and the parchment coffees were sun dried over screen table until the grain reached moisture content of 11% (w.b.). After hulling the coffee beans were classified by size in several screens with circular perforations of 19, 18, 17 and 16/64 inches. Coffee samples without defective coffee beans were submitted to sensory analyses according to Specialty Coffee Association of America (SCAA) procedures. The results showed that: a) there are physical and sensory quality differences among C. arabica varieties and Bourbon genotypes; b) better Bourbon genotypes could be selected for high yield of large beans; c) aiming to improve the coffee quality for specialty coffees production new selections of C. arabica should be done with priority by sensory attributes; d) among Yellow Bourbon genotypes the better beans physical characteristics don’t have obligatorily correspondence with sensory quality; e) the Mundo Novo IAC 502/9 showed physical and sensory quality similar to the best Yellow Bourbons.
In the specialty coffee market are preferred coffees that present good physical characteristics and better beverage quality with distinctive sensory profile, emphasizing the aroma, flavour, sweetness, acidy and body. The objective of this work was to evaluate the coffee beans physical characteristics and sensory quality of arabica coffee varieties aiming to identify promissory genotypes for specialty coffee production in Sao Paulo Estate. It was analyzed 18 Coffea arabica genotypes, including Yellow Bourbon, Red Bourbon, Yellow Caturra, Red Caturra, Mundo Novo and Catuaí selections. The experiment was carried out in Sao Sebastiao da Grama, Sao Paulo Estate in the 2009 and 2010 harvests using the randomized completely blocks design with three replications. Ripe coffee fruits were prepared by the semi-washed processing and the parchment coffees were sun dried over screen table until the grain reached moisture content of 11% (w.b.). After hulling the coffee beans were classified by size in several screens with circular perforations of 19, 18, 17 and 16/64 inches. Coffee samples without defective coffee beans were submitted to sensory analyses according to Specialty Coffee Association of America (SCAA) procedures. The results showed that: a) there are physical and sensory quality differences among C. arabica varieties and Bourbon genotypes; b) better Bourbon genotypes could be selected for high yield of large beans; c) aiming to improve the coffee quality for specialty coffees production new selections of C. arabica should be done with priority by sensory attributes; d) among Yellow Bourbon genotypes the better beans physical characteristics don’t have obligatorily correspondence with sensory quality; e) the Mundo Novo IAC 502/9 showed physical and sensory quality similar to the best Yellow Bourbons.
Descrição
Trabalho apresentado no Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (7. : 2011 : Araxá, MG). Anais Brasília, D.F: Embrapa - Café, 2011
Palavras-chave
Coffea arabica, cultivares, Bourbon, cafés especiais, qualidade física, qualidade de bebida., Coffea arabica, Bourbon variety, specialty coffees, physical quality, beverage quality.
Citação
Giomo, Gerson Silva; Borém, Flávio Meira; Fazuoli, Luiz Carlos; Mistro, Júlio César; Figueiredo, Luisa Pereira; Ribeiro, Fabiana Carmanini; Bernardi, Marcos Rodrigues. Qualidade física e sensorial de cultivares de Coffea arabica para produção de cafés especiais no estado de São Paulo. In: Simpósio de Pesquisa dos cafés do Brasil (7. : 2011 : Araxá, MG). Anais Brasília, D.F: Embrapa - Café, 2011 (1 CD-ROM), 5p.