Consorciação da seringueira e cafeeiro em fase terminal. - Efeito no desenvolvimento vegetativo da seringueira e produção do cafeeiro
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Data
2001
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Resumo
O noroeste do Paraná, com o tipo climático subtropical úmido mesotérmico (Cfa, Köppen) e solos leves originários do Arenito Caiuá, onde a heveicultura vem se estabelecendo, sofreu processo acelerado de colonização com a retirada da floresta original e implantação da cafeicultura, a qual não se sustentou, devido a diminuição do potencial produtivo dos solos, erosão hídrica, nematóides e outros problemas conjunturais. A ampliação da fronteira heveícola no país a partir do seu habitat natural (Amazônia), para as áreas consideradas de escape ao Microcyclus ulei, visando atingir a auto-suficiência em borracha natural, estendeu-se até o Sul, numa condição subtropical, chegando ao noroeste do Paraná, cuja condição fundiária calcada em pequenas propriedades favorece a sua implementação. Com a retomada da cafeicultura, isso abriu alternativas para o uso
do café adensado, e sistemas agroflorestais, onde se inclui a seringueira como forma de ocupação produtiva destes. Dois clones - IAN 873 (Amazônico) e GT 1 (Asiático) - foram plantados no espaçamento de 8,0 x 2,5 m nas entrelinhas de cafezal, cultivar Catuaí Amarelo, no espaçamento de 4,0 m x 2,5 m, com 10 anos de idade e já em fase de erradicação, localizado em área da Companhia Melhoramentos Norte do Paraná, em Paranapoema. Os resultados obtidos com base em duas coletas anuais, durante sete anos, revelaram vantagens dos plantios consorciados em relação aos solteiros para todos os parâmetros avaliados. No consórcio, o clone IAN 873 foi superior ao GT 1 na antecipação da entrada em produção e na percentagem de plantas aptas para sangria (CAP > 45 cm). Esse sistema possibilitou ainda o aumento da sobrevida e a recuperação produtiva dos cafeeiros por algumas safras, constituindo uma tecnologia positiva na recuperação produtiva de áreas de cafezais decadentes e/ou em fase de erradicação e renovação no Paraná.
The northwestern region of Paraná, with Cfa climate (Köppen’s classification) and sandy soils derived from the Caiuá Sandstone, has experienced an accelerated occupation process, with replacement of the prevailing forest vegetation by extensive coffee plantation areas. In time, this land usage system proved to be unsustainable, as a result of continually decreasing of the agricultural production potential of soils, severe soil erosion, soil nematode infestation, as well as problems linked to the economy and agricultural policies. The expansion of Brazil’s rubber planting areas, in an effort to accomplish self-sufficiency in natural rubber supply, by establishing plantations on areas without restrictions due to the South American leaf blight (caused by Microcyclus ulei), has recently reached the southern portion of the country (northwest of Paraná State), under subtropical environmental conditions, with a large proportion of small/medium scale rural holdings. Thus, with return of coffee plantations, opportunities have arisen for the implementation of sustainable alternative land use practices, such as densely planted coffee cropping and agroforestry systems (including rubber-tree based systems). Two rubber-tree clones, IAN 873 (Amazonian) and GT 1 (Asian), were planted at 8,0 x 2,5 m spacing, in a coffee plantation (cv. Catuaí Amarelo, 4,0 x 2,5 m spacing, 10-year old, previously scheduled for eradication), by utilizing its inter-row sections. The experiment was established in 1991, in an area owned by a private company (Companhia Melhoramentos Norte do Paraná), in the municipality of Paranapoema, Paraná State. Findings from two annual assessments, carried out along 7 years, revealed superior rubber-tree growth in the rubber-coffee system, as compared with the pure rubber plantation. Within the rubber-coffee system, trees belonging to the IAN 873 clone attained faster growth than GT 1 trees, with a significantly greater percentage of tapping size trees (stem circumference at breast height greater than 45 cm). In the rubber-coffee system, it has also been observed a process of recovery of coffee production level, associated with extended coffee producing period, while the competition with the rubber-trees is not too intense. This rubber-coffee agroforestry system has been considered as a suitable land use alternative for degraded coffee production areas in the State of Paraná.
The northwestern region of Paraná, with Cfa climate (Köppen’s classification) and sandy soils derived from the Caiuá Sandstone, has experienced an accelerated occupation process, with replacement of the prevailing forest vegetation by extensive coffee plantation areas. In time, this land usage system proved to be unsustainable, as a result of continually decreasing of the agricultural production potential of soils, severe soil erosion, soil nematode infestation, as well as problems linked to the economy and agricultural policies. The expansion of Brazil’s rubber planting areas, in an effort to accomplish self-sufficiency in natural rubber supply, by establishing plantations on areas without restrictions due to the South American leaf blight (caused by Microcyclus ulei), has recently reached the southern portion of the country (northwest of Paraná State), under subtropical environmental conditions, with a large proportion of small/medium scale rural holdings. Thus, with return of coffee plantations, opportunities have arisen for the implementation of sustainable alternative land use practices, such as densely planted coffee cropping and agroforestry systems (including rubber-tree based systems). Two rubber-tree clones, IAN 873 (Amazonian) and GT 1 (Asian), were planted at 8,0 x 2,5 m spacing, in a coffee plantation (cv. Catuaí Amarelo, 4,0 x 2,5 m spacing, 10-year old, previously scheduled for eradication), by utilizing its inter-row sections. The experiment was established in 1991, in an area owned by a private company (Companhia Melhoramentos Norte do Paraná), in the municipality of Paranapoema, Paraná State. Findings from two annual assessments, carried out along 7 years, revealed superior rubber-tree growth in the rubber-coffee system, as compared with the pure rubber plantation. Within the rubber-coffee system, trees belonging to the IAN 873 clone attained faster growth than GT 1 trees, with a significantly greater percentage of tapping size trees (stem circumference at breast height greater than 45 cm). In the rubber-coffee system, it has also been observed a process of recovery of coffee production level, associated with extended coffee producing period, while the competition with the rubber-trees is not too intense. This rubber-coffee agroforestry system has been considered as a suitable land use alternative for degraded coffee production areas in the State of Paraná.
Descrição
Trabalho apresentado no Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (2. : 2001 : Vitória, ES). Resumos. Brasília, D.F. : Embrapa Café, 2001. 181p. : il.
Palavras-chave
Café Cultivo consorciado Seringueira, Hevea Aroforestry Intercropping Agroecosystems.
Citação
Pereira, Jomar da Paes; Androcioli Filho, Armando; Leal, Alex Carneiro; Ramos, André Luiz M. Consorciação da seringueira e cafeeiro em fase terminal. - Efeito no desenvolvimento vegetativo da seringueira e produção do cafeeiro. In: Simpósio Brasileiro de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (2. : 2001 : Vitória, ES). Anais. Brasília, D.F. : Embrapa Café, 2001. (CD-ROM), p. 1667-1677