Avaliação da perda por volatilização de amônia do solo da lavoura cafeeira
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Data
2000
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Resumo
Os cafezais brasileiros necessitam de adubação do solo com N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S e micronutrientes. O nitrogênio é fornecido principalmente na forma de uréia. Porém, parte do N adicionado ao solo pode volatilizar para atmosfera na forma de NH3. Desenvolveu-se então, um sistema coletor de NH3 volatilizada do solo utilizando-se frasco plástico transparente tipo PET (Coca-Cola â ) com volume de 2 L sem a base e diâmetro de 10 cm. No interior deste frasco suspendeu-se, com auxílio de um arame inoxidável com 30 cm de comprimento, uma fita de papel de filtro com 2,5 cm de largura por 25 cm de comprimento. A extremidade inferior do papel foi submersa em 15 mL de solução captora de H2SO4 0,05 mol dm -3+ glicerina 2%, com a finalidade de manter a umidade por 24 horas. O sistema coletor foi instalado sobre a superfície do solo após aplicação de uréia 240 kg há-1. Avaliou-se a perda de NH3 em diferentes espaçamentos entre linhas: 1,5 m, 2,0 m e 3,0 m. Após 24 horas, determinou-se NH3 volatilizada e fixada ao sistema coletor pelo método azul de salicilato. A maior perda de N-NH3 ocorreu no espaçamento de 2,0 m entre linhas, com 4,9 kg ha-1, seguindo-se o espaçamento 3,0 m, com 3,0 kg ha-1 e espaçamento 1,5 m com 2,7 kg ha-1. A volatilização de amônia apresenta-se maior entre o 3º e 4º dia após a aplicação de fertilizante nitrogenado.
The Brazilian coffee plantations need constant fertilizer mangements, including nitrogen, supplied mainly in the form of urea. However, part of the N added to the soil can get lost in the form of urea NH3. A collector system of NH3 volatilized from the soil was developed, using a transparent plastic flask type PET with a volume of 2 liters without the base and with a diameter of 10 cm. Inside of flask, with the aid of an inoxidable wire 30 long, a ribbon of filter paper 2.5 cm wide by 25 cm long was suspended. The lower extremity of the filter paper was submerged in 15 mL H2SO4 0,05 mol dm-3+ glycerin 2% solutions, with the purpose of maintaining the humidity for 24 hours. The collector system was installed on the surface of the soil after application of 240 kg ha -1of urea. The losses of NH3 were evaluated in different coffee plant spacing between lines: 1.5 m, 2.0 m and 3.0 m. After 24 hours NH3 volatilization was determined and captured in the collector system by the blue salicilate method. The largest loss of N-NH3 was observed in the coffee spacing of 2.0 m between lines (4.9 kg ha-1), followed by the coffee spacing 3.0 m (3.0 kg ha -1) and coffee spacing 1.5 m (2.7 kg ha-1). The largest volatilization of ammonia was observed between the 3rd and 4th day after the application of the nitrogen fertilizer.
The Brazilian coffee plantations need constant fertilizer mangements, including nitrogen, supplied mainly in the form of urea. However, part of the N added to the soil can get lost in the form of urea NH3. A collector system of NH3 volatilized from the soil was developed, using a transparent plastic flask type PET with a volume of 2 liters without the base and with a diameter of 10 cm. Inside of flask, with the aid of an inoxidable wire 30 long, a ribbon of filter paper 2.5 cm wide by 25 cm long was suspended. The lower extremity of the filter paper was submerged in 15 mL H2SO4 0,05 mol dm-3+ glycerin 2% solutions, with the purpose of maintaining the humidity for 24 hours. The collector system was installed on the surface of the soil after application of 240 kg ha -1of urea. The losses of NH3 were evaluated in different coffee plant spacing between lines: 1.5 m, 2.0 m and 3.0 m. After 24 hours NH3 volatilization was determined and captured in the collector system by the blue salicilate method. The largest loss of N-NH3 was observed in the coffee spacing of 2.0 m between lines (4.9 kg ha-1), followed by the coffee spacing 3.0 m (3.0 kg ha -1) and coffee spacing 1.5 m (2.7 kg ha-1). The largest volatilization of ammonia was observed between the 3rd and 4th day after the application of the nitrogen fertilizer.
Descrição
Trabalho apresentado no Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (1.: 2000 : Poços de Caldas, MG). Resumos expandidos. Brasília, D.F. : Embrapa Café; Belo Horizonte : Minasplan, 2000. 2v. (1490p.) : il.
Palavras-chave
Sistema coletor de amônia Perda de nitrogênio Café adensado, Ammonia collector system N-loss Coffee tree
Citação
Marsola, Tatiana; Miyazawa, Mário; Pavan, Marcos A.; Chaves, Júlio César Dias. Avaliação da perda por volatilização de amônia do solo da lavoura cafeeira. In: Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (1.: 2000 : Poços de Caldas, MG). Resumos expandidos. Brasília, D.F. : Embrapa Café; Belo Horizonte : Minasplan, 2000. 2v. (1490p.), p. 1383-1385.