Citogenética, citometria de fluxo e citometria de imagem em Coffea spp
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2003
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Com o objetivo de obter cromossomos morfologicamente adequados para serem caracterizados citogeneticamente e identificados para montagem do cariograma de C. canephora (2n=2x=22), C. arabica (2n=4x=44) e C. eugenioides (2n=2x=22), empregaram-se novas técnicas citogenéticas associadas às metodologias computacionais de análise de imagens. As metodologias utilizadas possibilitaram a obtenção do cariograma das três espécies com cromossomos definidos e resolução adequada para caracterização de cada par de homólogos, aparentemente semelhantes quando obtidos por meio de técnicas convencionais. A análise citogenética revelou que C. canephora possui um par de cromossomos metacêntricos (m) e 10 pares submetacêntricos (sm). Foi observada a presença de satélites no braço curto do cromossomo 6, e o comprimento absoluto de seus cromossomos variou de 1,58 a 3,30 µm. A citometria de fluxo foi usada para estimar a quantidade de DNA (valor 2C), na fase G0/G1, em Coffea. Foram analisadas amostras das espécies de C. canephora (2x), C. eugenioides (2x), C. racemosa (2x) e C. arabica (4x); do Híbrido de Timor, híbrido natural triplóide entre C. arabica e C. canephora (4x); dos supostos híbridos interespecíficos naturais entre C. racemosa e C. arabica, denominados UFV 557; e de plantas resultantes do retrocruzamento entre C. arabica e UFV 557. A diferença na quantidade do conteúdo de DNA entre espécies diplóides foi de até 0,50 pg = 45% (Coffea racemosa 1,11 pg; Coffea eugenioides 1,40 pg e Coffea canephora cv. ‘Robusta’ 1,61 pg). Considerando-se os valores intraespecíficos (Coffea canephora 1,43 a 1,61 pg e Coffea arabica 2,40 a 3,04 pg), estas diferenças foram de 0,18 pg (12,59%) e 0,64 pg (26,67%), respectivamente. A citometria de fluxo também revelou-se uma ferramenta importante no monitoramento e identificação de híbridos interespecíficos de Coffea. A citometria de imagem foi empregada para determinação do índice de densidade óptica de preparações de pontas de raízes esmagadas e coradas com reação de Feulgen. O método prófase/telófase (mensuramento de 10 núcleos em prófase e 10 em telófase por lâmina) foi empregado nesta pesquisa. Assim, valores 4C e 2C, referentes ao núcleos em prófase e telófase, foram estimados, e as razões entre os genomas de Coffea arabica cv. Catuaí Vermelho (2n=44) e Coffea canephora cv. Conillon (2n=22) e entre Coffea arabica cv. Mundo Novo e cv. Catuaí Vermelho puderam ser estabelecidas. As estimativas do índice entre as cultivares obtidas pelo método de citometria de imagem foram comparadas com valores obtidos previamente usando a citometria de fluxo e apresentaram diferenças inferiores a 2,27%.
New cytogenetic techniques together with methods of computer image analyses were utilized to set up the karyogram of C. canephora (2n=2x=22), C. arabica (2n=4x=44), and C. eugenioides (2n=2x=22). Thereby, morphologically appropriate chromosomes were obtained for cytogenetic characterization and identification. These methodologies brought forth a karyogram of the three species with defined chromosomes and a suitable resolution for the characterization of each homologous pair, which, when obtained by conventional techniques, are apparently similar. The cytogenetic analysis indicated that C. canephora owns one metacentric (m) and 10 submetacentric chromosome pairs (sm). Satellites were localized on the short arm of chromosome 6, while the absolute chromosomes length varied between 1,58 and 3,30 mm. Flux cytometry was used to estimate the quantity of the DNA (value 2C) in the G0/G1 phase, for Coffea. Samples of the following species were analyzed: C. canephora (2x), C. eugenioides (2x), C. racemosa (2x), and C. arabica (4x); the Timor Hybrid, natural triploid hybrid of C. arabica and C. canephora (4x); the suspected interspecific natural hybrids of C. racemosa and C. arabica, designated UFV 557; and the backcrosses of C. arabica and UFV 557. The difference in the content quantity of the DNA among the diploid species reached 0,50 pg = 45% (Coffea racemosa 1,11 pg, Coffea eugenioides 1,40 pg, and Coffea canephora cv. ‘Robusta’ 1,61 pg). These differences were 0,18 pg (12,59%) and 0,64 pg (26,67%), respectively, in the intra-species values (Coffea canephora 1,43 to 1,61pg and Coffea arabica 2,40 to 3,04 pg). Flux cytometry proved to be of great usefulness to monitor and identify the interspecific hybrids of Coffea. Picture cytometry was employed in the determination of the optical density index in slide preparations of root tips pressed and dyed by the Feulgen reaction. The prophase/telophase method (measurement of 10 nuclei in prophase and 10 in telophase per slide) was used in this study. The values 4C and 2C of the nuclei in prophase and telophase were estimated, and the genome ratios of Coffea arabica cv. Catuaí Vermelho (2n=44) and Coffea canephora cv. Conillon (2n=22), as well as of Coffea arabica cv. Mundo Novo and cv. Catuaí Vermelho could be established. In a comparison between the estimate indices of the cultivars obtained by the picture cytometry method and the values established previously by flux cytometry, the differences lay below 2,27%.
New cytogenetic techniques together with methods of computer image analyses were utilized to set up the karyogram of C. canephora (2n=2x=22), C. arabica (2n=4x=44), and C. eugenioides (2n=2x=22). Thereby, morphologically appropriate chromosomes were obtained for cytogenetic characterization and identification. These methodologies brought forth a karyogram of the three species with defined chromosomes and a suitable resolution for the characterization of each homologous pair, which, when obtained by conventional techniques, are apparently similar. The cytogenetic analysis indicated that C. canephora owns one metacentric (m) and 10 submetacentric chromosome pairs (sm). Satellites were localized on the short arm of chromosome 6, while the absolute chromosomes length varied between 1,58 and 3,30 mm. Flux cytometry was used to estimate the quantity of the DNA (value 2C) in the G0/G1 phase, for Coffea. Samples of the following species were analyzed: C. canephora (2x), C. eugenioides (2x), C. racemosa (2x), and C. arabica (4x); the Timor Hybrid, natural triploid hybrid of C. arabica and C. canephora (4x); the suspected interspecific natural hybrids of C. racemosa and C. arabica, designated UFV 557; and the backcrosses of C. arabica and UFV 557. The difference in the content quantity of the DNA among the diploid species reached 0,50 pg = 45% (Coffea racemosa 1,11 pg, Coffea eugenioides 1,40 pg, and Coffea canephora cv. ‘Robusta’ 1,61 pg). These differences were 0,18 pg (12,59%) and 0,64 pg (26,67%), respectively, in the intra-species values (Coffea canephora 1,43 to 1,61pg and Coffea arabica 2,40 to 3,04 pg). Flux cytometry proved to be of great usefulness to monitor and identify the interspecific hybrids of Coffea. Picture cytometry was employed in the determination of the optical density index in slide preparations of root tips pressed and dyed by the Feulgen reaction. The prophase/telophase method (measurement of 10 nuclei in prophase and 10 in telophase per slide) was used in this study. The values 4C and 2C of the nuclei in prophase and telophase were estimated, and the genome ratios of Coffea arabica cv. Catuaí Vermelho (2n=44) and Coffea canephora cv. Conillon (2n=22), as well as of Coffea arabica cv. Mundo Novo and cv. Catuaí Vermelho could be established. In a comparison between the estimate indices of the cultivars obtained by the picture cytometry method and the values established previously by flux cytometry, the differences lay below 2,27%.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Palavras-chave
Café Citogenética Sistema de análise de imagem Cromossomo Citometria de fluxo Citometria de imagem Coffea, Coffee Citogenetics Image analysis system Chromosome Flux cytometry Image cytometry
Citação
Fontes, Bárbara Pereira Dantas. Citogenética, citometria de fluxo e citometria de imagem em Coffea spp. Viçosa : UFV, 2003. 130p. : il. (Tese - Doutorado em Genética e Melhoramento). Orientador: Carlos Roberto de Carvalho. T 633.733 F683c 2003