Análises de elementos químicos e populações endoparasíticas em cafeeiros inoculados com Meloidogyne exigua e Meloidogyne paranaensis
Data
2016-03-08
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
Foi analisada até 45 dias após a inoculação a população endoparasítica e o início dos sintomas induzidos por Meloidogyne exigua e M. paranaensis em raízes de cafeeiros resistentes e suscetíveis, por meio da quantificação de cinco formas de desenvolvimento endoparasítico: vermiforme, salsichóide, ovóide e fêmea com e sem ovos nas cvs. Mundo, Apoatã e IPR 100, além do Genótipo 1 – MG 179 pl1 R1 e Genótipo 2 – MG 179 pl3 R1. Aos 10 dias da inoculação houve grande flutuação populacional de vermiformes (J2) de M. exigua e igualdade nessa população de M. paranaensis nos cinco genótipos. Dos 10 aos 31 DAI, a flutuação populacional das formas salsichóides e ovóides intensificou- se tanto em M. exigua como em M. paranaensis. Dos 31 aos 45 DAI, a formação de fêmeas jovens de M. exigua foi quase nula em Apoatã e IPR 100 e elevou-se a população de fêmeas com ovos no Mundo Novo e Genótipo 1. A formação de fêmeas jovens e com ovos de M. paranaensis foi igualmente baixa em todos os cafeeiros exceto na cv. Mundo Novo. Foi observado rachaduras longitudinais nas raízes novas com M. paranaensis e galhas arredondadas com aparente massa de ovos nas raízes com M. exigua. Esses genótipos de cafeeiros foram avaliados quanto a resistência de Meloidogyne exigua após 6 meses da inoculação. Através da Microanálise de Raios-X os elementos minerais de regiões com e sem galhas em cada genótipo cafeeiro foram quantificados. O desenvolvimento vegetativo dos genótipos com e sem inoculação foram avaliados em incremento de altura e de diâmetro, e massa fresca das raízes. As variáveis analisadas foram submetidas à técnica multivariada de variáveis canônicas. As cultivares Apoatã e IPR 100 mostraram-se resistentes à M. exigua já a cultivar Mundo Novo e os Genótipos 1 e 2 foram suscetíveis. O cálcio e o ferro estiveram presentes em todas as amostras analisadas sendo o cálcio detectado em quantidades maiores nos genótipos associados ao nematoide, exceto no Genótipo 1. O potássio foi detectado apenas nos genótipos onde não houve associação com M. exigua. Não houve interação significativa nos genótipos com a presença ou ausência do nematoide para as variáveis vegetativas, as cvs. Mundo Novo e Apoatã e o Genótipo 1 apresentaram maiores valores para essas variáveis. Com a análise multivariada de variáveis canônicas verificou-se três padrões de dispersão, o primeiro entre Mundo Novo e Genótipo 1, o segundo entre Genótipo 2 e IPR 100 e um terceiro padrão composto da cultivar Apoatã.Os Genótipos 1 e 2 mostraram resistência à M. paranaensis e suscetibilidade à M. exigua. O teor de cálcio em raízes de cafeeiros parasitados por M. exigua é maior quando comparado com o teor em raízes sadias, podendo esse elemento está relacionado às defesas da planta.
It was analyzed 45 days after inoculation the endoparasitic population and the onset of symptoms induced by Meloidogyne exigua and M. paranaensis in resistant and susceptible coffee roots, through the quantification of five forms of development: wormlike, changed worm, ovoid and female with and without eggs in cvs. Mundo Novo, Apoatã and IPR 100, in addition to Genotype 1 - MG 179 pl1 R1 and Genotype 2 - MG 179 PL3 R1. Ten days after inoculation there was great fluctuation of wormlike (J2) of M. exigua and equality in this population of M. paranaensis in five genotypes. From 10 to 31 DAI, the fluctuation of changed worm and ovoid forms intensified both in M. exigua as M. paranaensis. From 31 to 45 DAI, the training of young females M. exigua was almost nil in Apoatã and IPR 100 and increased the population of females with eggs in the Mundo Novo and Genotype 1. The training of young females and eggs mass M. paranaensis was also low in all the trees except cv. Mundo Novo. It was observed longitudinal cracks in the new roots with M. paranaensis and rounded galls with apparent egg mass in the roots with M. exigua. These genotypes of coffee plants were evaluated for resistance to M. exigua 6 months after inoculation. Through X-ray microanalysis of the mineral elements of regions with and without galls on each coffee genotype were quantified. The vegetative development of genotypes with and without inoculation was evaluated on growth in height and diameter, and fresh weight of roots. The variables analyzed were subjected to multivariate canonical variables. The Apoatã and IPR 100 cultivars were resistant to M. exigua have to cultivate the Mundo Novo and the Genotypes 1 and 2 were susceptible. The calcium and iron were present in all samples being analyzed calcium detected in larger amounts in the genotypes associated with nematode, except Genotype 1. The potassium was detected only where the genotype was not associated with M. exigua. There was no significant interaction in the genotypes with the presence or absence of the nematode for vegetative variables, cvs. Mundo Novo and Apoatã, and Genotype 1 showed higher values for these variables. With multivariate canonical variate analysis found three dispersion patterns, the first between Mundo Novo and Genotype 1, the second between Genotype 2 and IPR 100 and a third standard composite cultivar Apoatã. Os Genotypes 1 and 2 showed resistance M . paranaensis and susceptibility to M. exigua. The calcium content in coffee root parasitized by M. exigua is higher compared to the level in healthy roots, can this element is related to the defense of the plant.
It was analyzed 45 days after inoculation the endoparasitic population and the onset of symptoms induced by Meloidogyne exigua and M. paranaensis in resistant and susceptible coffee roots, through the quantification of five forms of development: wormlike, changed worm, ovoid and female with and without eggs in cvs. Mundo Novo, Apoatã and IPR 100, in addition to Genotype 1 - MG 179 pl1 R1 and Genotype 2 - MG 179 PL3 R1. Ten days after inoculation there was great fluctuation of wormlike (J2) of M. exigua and equality in this population of M. paranaensis in five genotypes. From 10 to 31 DAI, the fluctuation of changed worm and ovoid forms intensified both in M. exigua as M. paranaensis. From 31 to 45 DAI, the training of young females M. exigua was almost nil in Apoatã and IPR 100 and increased the population of females with eggs in the Mundo Novo and Genotype 1. The training of young females and eggs mass M. paranaensis was also low in all the trees except cv. Mundo Novo. It was observed longitudinal cracks in the new roots with M. paranaensis and rounded galls with apparent egg mass in the roots with M. exigua. These genotypes of coffee plants were evaluated for resistance to M. exigua 6 months after inoculation. Through X-ray microanalysis of the mineral elements of regions with and without galls on each coffee genotype were quantified. The vegetative development of genotypes with and without inoculation was evaluated on growth in height and diameter, and fresh weight of roots. The variables analyzed were subjected to multivariate canonical variables. The Apoatã and IPR 100 cultivars were resistant to M. exigua have to cultivate the Mundo Novo and the Genotypes 1 and 2 were susceptible. The calcium and iron were present in all samples being analyzed calcium detected in larger amounts in the genotypes associated with nematode, except Genotype 1. The potassium was detected only where the genotype was not associated with M. exigua. There was no significant interaction in the genotypes with the presence or absence of the nematode for vegetative variables, cvs. Mundo Novo and Apoatã, and Genotype 1 showed higher values for these variables. With multivariate canonical variate analysis found three dispersion patterns, the first between Mundo Novo and Genotype 1, the second between Genotype 2 and IPR 100 and a third standard composite cultivar Apoatã. Os Genotypes 1 and 2 showed resistance M . paranaensis and susceptibility to M. exigua. The calcium content in coffee root parasitized by M. exigua is higher compared to the level in healthy roots, can this element is related to the defense of the plant.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Nematoide das galhas, Ciclo de vida, Microscopia eletrônica de varredura, Resistência
Citação
GUIMARÃES, N. M. R. B. Análises de elementos químicos e populações endoparasíticas em cafeeiros inoculados com Meloidogyne exigua e Meloidogyne paranaensis. 2016. 78 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia/Fitopatologia) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras. 2016.