Determinação de elementos tóxicos em café: grãos torrados e em infusão
Data
2015-02-24
Autores
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
A cultura do café é de grande importância no cenário brasileiro, já que o Brasil é o maior produtor e exportador de café do mundo e segundo maior consumidor. Minas gerais é o estado de maior cultivo e produção de café, detendo 54% da área cultivada do país. A região do Alto Paranaíba se destaca pela produção em volume e pelo cultivo desta cultura em todos os municípios da região. Cada vez mais os consumidores buscam por cafés de melhores qualidades (sensoriais e higiênico-sanitárias) para seu consumo. E a presença de certos compostos pode comprometer a saúde dos consumidores, como é o caso dos elementos tóxicos: elementos metálicos estáveis, não degradáveis, persistentes e acumulativos, que podem causar efeitos maléficos, agudos ou crônicos, ao organismo, como, por exemplo, o chumbo, cádmio e arsênio. Estes elementos estão presentes no solo devido ao processo de formação do mesmo, condições ambientais e/ou práticas tecnológicas, podendo serem facilmente absorvidos pelas plantas e acumulados nos grãos, algumas vezes até em concentrações acima dos valores permitidos pela legislação. O objetivo deste trabalho é determinar o teor de elementos tóxicos em cafés torrados e na infusão. Foram analisadas 50 amostras de café; estas amostras passaram pelo processo de torrefação média e posteriormente foram mineralizadas por via úmida. Foi feito o preparo da infusão a partir do café torrado, e esta foi concentrada 10 vezes e também mineralizada por via úmida. A determinação e quantificação foram realizadas através de leitura no espectrofotômetro de absorção atômica para os seguintes elementos: manganês (Mn), zinco (Zn), cobre (Cu), cádmio (Cd), cromo (Cr), níquel (Ni) e chumbo (Pb). No café torrado, os elementos encontrados em maiores concentrações foram o manganês, zinco e cobre. Nas amostras de café torrados os teores médios de Zn, Ni, Cu e Cr se encontram dentro dos limites permitidos por legislação, mas para o Cr, 66% das amostras de café o apresentavam em concentrações superiores ao permitido. Para o Pb 74% das amostras o continham em teores superiores ao permitido. Nas infusões os teores de elementos tóxicos encontrados foram bem menores e pouco significativos no que se refere à (UL) ingestão máxima diária dos elementos Ni, Mn, Cu, Cr e Zn. Mas os elementos cádmio e chumbo foram encontrados em concentrações superiores e em algumas amostras em teores muito altos.
The culture of coffee is very important in brazilian scenery, once Brazil is the biggest producer and exporter of coffee around the world and second biggest consumer. Minas Gerais is the state that has the biggest cultivation and production of coffee, it has 54% cultivated area of the country. Alto Paranaíba's zone is highlighted for its volume in production and the cultive of this culture in every city of the region. Increasingly the consumers look for better quality of coffee (sensory and hygienic-sanitary) for their consume. And the presence of determinate composts would prejudice the health of the consumers like the toxic elements: stable metallic elements, not degradable, persistent and accumulative, that can bring malefic effects, acute and chronic to organism. Some examples of these toxic elements are lead, cadmium and arsenic. These elements are in the ground because of its process of formation ambient, conditions and/or technological practice. They could be easily sucked by plants and reserved in beans, sometimes in highest concentration above the indices permitted of legislation. The objective of this study is determine the quantity of toxic elements in roasted coffee and in infusion. For this was analysed 50 sample of coffee; these samples was processed by middle roasting and then it was mineralized by humidity way. The determination and quantification were made through the reading in the atomic absorption spectrophotometer for these elements: manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), chrome (Cr), niquel (Ni) and lead (Pb). The elements in biggest concentration found in roasted coffee were manganese, zinc and copper. In the samples of roasted coffee the medium indices of Zn, Ni, Cu and Cr are in the permitted edge by legislation, but for Cr, 66% of the samples of coffee contains concentration higher that allowed. For Pb, 74% of the samples contains concentration highest that allowed. To infusions the toxic elements levels found were very low and less significative about (UL) maximum daily intake of elements Ni, Mn, Cu, Cr e Zn. But the elements cadmium and lead were found in higher concentrations and in some samples very high levels.
The culture of coffee is very important in brazilian scenery, once Brazil is the biggest producer and exporter of coffee around the world and second biggest consumer. Minas Gerais is the state that has the biggest cultivation and production of coffee, it has 54% cultivated area of the country. Alto Paranaíba's zone is highlighted for its volume in production and the cultive of this culture in every city of the region. Increasingly the consumers look for better quality of coffee (sensory and hygienic-sanitary) for their consume. And the presence of determinate composts would prejudice the health of the consumers like the toxic elements: stable metallic elements, not degradable, persistent and accumulative, that can bring malefic effects, acute and chronic to organism. Some examples of these toxic elements are lead, cadmium and arsenic. These elements are in the ground because of its process of formation ambient, conditions and/or technological practice. They could be easily sucked by plants and reserved in beans, sometimes in highest concentration above the indices permitted of legislation. The objective of this study is determine the quantity of toxic elements in roasted coffee and in infusion. For this was analysed 50 sample of coffee; these samples was processed by middle roasting and then it was mineralized by humidity way. The determination and quantification were made through the reading in the atomic absorption spectrophotometer for these elements: manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), chrome (Cr), niquel (Ni) and lead (Pb). The elements in biggest concentration found in roasted coffee were manganese, zinc and copper. In the samples of roasted coffee the medium indices of Zn, Ni, Cu and Cr are in the permitted edge by legislation, but for Cr, 66% of the samples of coffee contains concentration higher that allowed. For Pb, 74% of the samples contains concentration highest that allowed. To infusions the toxic elements levels found were very low and less significative about (UL) maximum daily intake of elements Ni, Mn, Cu, Cr e Zn. But the elements cadmium and lead were found in higher concentrations and in some samples very high levels.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
Palavras-chave
Toxicidade, Lixiviação, Café
Citação
SILVA, S. A. Determinação de elementos tóxicos em café: grãos torrados e em infusão. 2015. 27 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa-MG. 2015.