Cultivo irrigado e não irrigado do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.) em plantio superadensado
Data
2011-09
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Editora UFLA
Resumo
Com base na avaliação da produtividade de café beneficiado (Coffea arabica L.), volume por planta, rendimento e maturação, objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar as possíveis alterações provocadas pela irrigação em lavouras cafeeiras superadensadas, com 20000 plantas ha -1 , ao longo de sete anos agrícolas. O experimento implantado em janeiro de 2001 foi conduzido em área experimental da Universidade Federal de Lavras – MG. Os tratamentos adotados foram: (i) lâmina de irrigação aplicada por gotejamento, calculada com base no teor de umidade, toda vez que a tensão de água no solo, na profundidade de 0,25 m, atingiu valores próximos a 60 kPa; (ii) não irrigado e (iii) sete anos agrícolas. A maior demanda hídrica por irrigação (866 mm) ocorreu para a produção da primeira safra. Para a condição de uma lavoura superadensada de 20000 plantas ha -1 , ao longo de sete anos, com e sem o uso da irrigação concluiu-se que: o uso da irrigação por gotejamento atrasa a maturação dos frutos em relação à condição de sequeiro; o rendimento de café não é alterado pelo uso da irrigação, porém o volume de café por planta é 42% mais alto nesse sistema em relação ao de sequeiro; o uso da irrigação pode representar para o cafeicultor um aumento médio de produtividade de 44%; apesar da ocorrência da bienalidade, tanto para cultivos não irrigados quando irrigados, o plantio do cafeeiro em sistema superadensado de 20000 plantas ha -1 não apresentou queda acentuada de produtividade, ao longo de sete safras.
This study had the objective to evaluate possible alterations induced by irrigation on a super dense coffee plantation (Coffea arabica L.), with 20 000 plants per hectare, based on values taken along seven consecutive cropping years of green coffee bean yield, bean volume per plant, dry cherry to green coffee bean ratio, and degree of maturation. The experiment was set up on January 2001 at an experimental area of the Universidade Federal de Lavras- MG, with two treatments: (i) drip irrigated plants, and (ii) non-irrigated plants. Whenever the soil water tension, at 0.25m depth reached a value near 60kPa, a drip irrigation system was used to apply the volume of water required to restore field capacity. The highest amount of water used (866mm) was observed during the first harvest year. Observations taken along seven consecutive cropping years indicated that: (i) cherry maturation of drip irrigated coffee plants was delayed in relation to the non-irrigated plants; (ii) the ratio dry cherry to green coffee bean is not affected by irrigation, but dry cherry volume production per irrigated plant was 42% higher than the one produced by non-irrigated plants; (iii) irrigation may provide coffee producers with a 44% increase in coffee bean yield. Besides typical coffee biennial fluctuations of yield, for the 20000 plants ha -1 density, for both irrigated and non-irrigated treatments, no significant observations in decrease in yield along the seven consecutive cropping years was seen.
This study had the objective to evaluate possible alterations induced by irrigation on a super dense coffee plantation (Coffea arabica L.), with 20 000 plants per hectare, based on values taken along seven consecutive cropping years of green coffee bean yield, bean volume per plant, dry cherry to green coffee bean ratio, and degree of maturation. The experiment was set up on January 2001 at an experimental area of the Universidade Federal de Lavras- MG, with two treatments: (i) drip irrigated plants, and (ii) non-irrigated plants. Whenever the soil water tension, at 0.25m depth reached a value near 60kPa, a drip irrigation system was used to apply the volume of water required to restore field capacity. The highest amount of water used (866mm) was observed during the first harvest year. Observations taken along seven consecutive cropping years indicated that: (i) cherry maturation of drip irrigated coffee plants was delayed in relation to the non-irrigated plants; (ii) the ratio dry cherry to green coffee bean is not affected by irrigation, but dry cherry volume production per irrigated plant was 42% higher than the one produced by non-irrigated plants; (iii) irrigation may provide coffee producers with a 44% increase in coffee bean yield. Besides typical coffee biennial fluctuations of yield, for the 20000 plants ha -1 density, for both irrigated and non-irrigated treatments, no significant observations in decrease in yield along the seven consecutive cropping years was seen.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Densidade de plantio, Irrigação, Produtividade
Citação
SCALCO, M. S. et al. Cultivo irrigado e não irrigado do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.) em plantio superadensado. Coffee Science, Lavras, v. 6, n. 3, p. 193-202, set./dez. 2011.