Extração de aromas de café por pervaporação
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Data
2005
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Resumo
bebidas. No Brasil, o consumo de café estava sendo sustentado pelo hábito dos mais velhos, pois, entre os jovens, havia uma forte propensão ao seu abandono. Nas faixas etárias dos mais jovens evidenciou-se a preferência por refrigerantes e sucos. Tal tendência também foi observada no mercado norte americano. Uma das formas de reverter esta tendência é utilizar o aroma de café em alimentos que tradicionalmente são atraentes para o público jovem, o que, além de ampliar a utilização do café, pode também despertar o interesse nos jovens pelo consumo da bebida café. Já foram identificados na fração volátil do café torrado mais de 800 compostos com uma ampla variedade de grupos funcionais. Devido a essa complexidade, a extração dos aromas do café não é uma tarefa fácil. A pervaporação é uma tecnologia alternativa para a recuperação e concentração de compostos orgânicos voláteis de meios líquidos. Este processo apresenta vantagens em relação aos processos de extração (com solventes, por arraste a vapor e com fluído supercrítico) utilizados atualmente, tais como a não utilização de solventes e operação em condições amenas de temperatura e pressão. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a utilização do processo de pervaporação para a obtenção de concentrados representativos do aroma de café. Os experimentos de pervaporação foram realizados à temperatura de 35ºC, em um módulo de pervaporação com uma membrana plana de EPDM. Amostras da alimentação antes e após o processo e do retido foram recolhidas e submetidas a análise cromatográfica para avaliar o perfil de aromas. Os resultados iniciais são promissores, indicando que o processo de pervaporação com membrana de EPDM é capaz de extrair e concentrar os compostos responsáveis pelo aroma da bebida café.
Recent studies verified a strong tendency of change in consumers' habits regarding the consumption of beverages. In Brazil, the consumption of coffee was being sustained by the habit of the elderly, since among the young there was a strong propensity to abandon it. In the age groups of the young, there was a preference for soft drinks and juices. Such tendency was also observed in the north american market. One of the alternatives of reverting this tendency is to use the aroma of coffee in foods that traditionally are attractive to the young since, besides enlarging the use of coffee, it can also wake up the interest of the youth for the consumption of the coffee beverage. More than 800 compounds with a wide variety of functional groups were already identified in the volatile fraction of the roasted coffee. Due to the complexity of components that form the volatile fraction of coffee, the identification and quantification of the aroma-active compounds is a difficult task. The pervaporation process is an alternative for the recovery and concentration of volatile organic components from liquids mixtures. This process has advantages over the usual extraction processes (with solvent, steam and supercritical fluids) such as the no utilization of organic solvents and the operation under moderate conditions of temperature and pressure. The objective of present work was to study the use of the pervaporation process to obtain concentrates of aromatic components representative of roasted coffee. Pervaporation experiments were carried out at 35ºC, in a pervaporation module with a flat EPDM membrane. Samples of the feed, before and after processing, and of the permeate were obtained and submitted to chromatographic analysis to evaluate the aroma profile. The initial results are promising indicating that the pervaporation process with EPDM membrane is capable of extracting and concentrating the compounds responsible for the aroma of coffee.
Recent studies verified a strong tendency of change in consumers' habits regarding the consumption of beverages. In Brazil, the consumption of coffee was being sustained by the habit of the elderly, since among the young there was a strong propensity to abandon it. In the age groups of the young, there was a preference for soft drinks and juices. Such tendency was also observed in the north american market. One of the alternatives of reverting this tendency is to use the aroma of coffee in foods that traditionally are attractive to the young since, besides enlarging the use of coffee, it can also wake up the interest of the youth for the consumption of the coffee beverage. More than 800 compounds with a wide variety of functional groups were already identified in the volatile fraction of the roasted coffee. Due to the complexity of components that form the volatile fraction of coffee, the identification and quantification of the aroma-active compounds is a difficult task. The pervaporation process is an alternative for the recovery and concentration of volatile organic components from liquids mixtures. This process has advantages over the usual extraction processes (with solvent, steam and supercritical fluids) such as the no utilization of organic solvents and the operation under moderate conditions of temperature and pressure. The objective of present work was to study the use of the pervaporation process to obtain concentrates of aromatic components representative of roasted coffee. Pervaporation experiments were carried out at 35ºC, in a pervaporation module with a flat EPDM membrane. Samples of the feed, before and after processing, and of the permeate were obtained and submitted to chromatographic analysis to evaluate the aroma profile. The initial results are promising indicating that the pervaporation process with EPDM membrane is capable of extracting and concentrating the compounds responsible for the aroma of coffee.
Descrição
Trabalho apresentado no Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (4. : 2005 : Londrina, PR). Anais. Brasília, D.F. : Embrapa Café, 2005.
Palavras-chave
Café Aroma Pervaporação Concentrado de aromas de café, Coffee aroma Pervaporation Coffee aroma concentrate
Citação
Saraiva, Sérgio H.; Assis, André v.-R. de; Palacio, Denise N. M.; Matta, Virgínia; Cabral, Lourdes M. C.; Bizzo, Humberto R.; Sundfeld, Esdras. Extração de aromas de café por pervaporação. In: Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (4. : Londrina, PR : 2005). Anais. Brasília, D.F. : Embrapa - Café, 2005. (1 CD-ROM), 4p.