Sistema de previsão e progresso da ferrugem do cafeeiro em diferentes altitudes
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Data
2001
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
O presente trabalho avaliou um sistema de previsão e o comportamento da ferrugem do cafeeiro em diferentes altitudes. O sistema de previsão baseou-se no molhamento foliar e na temperatura média durante o período de molhamento, associados à fisiologia da planta e a intensidade da doença em duas lavouras (Catuaí Vermelho) com alta carga pendente de frutos, com seis anos de idade, localizada no município de Coimbra, a 680 m de altitude, na região da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais, e com carga média de frutos, com nove anos de idade, localizada no município de Carmo do Paranaíba, a 850 m de altitude, na região do Alto Paranaíba do Estado de Minas Gerais. O sistema de previsão constou do cálculo do valor de severidade da doença (VSD), semelhante ao modelo de Wallin (1962). Na lavoura com alta carga pendente de frutos (101,5 sacas beneficiadas/ha), o melhor resultado do sistema de previsão foi o tratamento que recomendou pulverizações quando a severidade atingia 30 VSDs. Para a lavoura com média carga pendente de frutos (224 sacas beneficiadas/ha), o sistema de previsão recomendou apenas uma única pulverização com fungicida sistêmico, para todos os tratamentos. A incidência final de folhas doentes na colheita (11,0%) não atingiu o nível de dano ao cafeeiro e também não diferiu dos tratamentos baseados no calendário (duas pulverizações com fungicida sistêmico e quatro com fungicida de contato). Portanto, o sistema de previsão foi tão eficiente quanto o calendário no controle da ferrugem do cafeeiro, porém utilizando menor número de pulverizações, em pelo menos um dos locais avaliados (Carmo do Paranaíba - Minas Gerais). Para estudo do efeito da altitude sobre o progresso da ferrugem do cafeeiro foram escolhidas lavouras, com alta carga pendente de frutos, da cultivar Catuaí Vermelho, no espaçamento de 2,8 x 0,7 m, em altitudes variando de 660 a 1.275 m, nos municípios de Simonésia e Alto Caparaó, na região da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais. Observou-se menor incidência da ferrugem nas lavouras plantadas em altitudes mais elevadas, principalmente naquelas acima de 1.O00 m. A incidência máxima da ferrugem em 1998 a 2000 foi registrada de julho a outubro, de acordo com a altitude. Quanto maior a altitude mais a máxima incidência da doença tendeu a se deslocar para os meses de setembro a outubro. A maior incidência da ferrugem ocorreu na altitude de 850 m e a menor a 1.275 m, com incidência máxima de 40% de folhas de café com a doença.
The thesis was divided into two chapters. The first was concerned with forecast model of coffee leaf rust, and the second the effect of the altitude on the disease progress curve. The forecast model of coffee leaf rust based on climatic variables leaf wetness, temperature during leaf wetness period, plant physiology and disease intensity. Two coffee growing areas were chosen, both in the state of Minas Gerais: Coimbra in the Zona da Mata at 680 m of altitude, six years old, and Carmo do Paranaíba in the Alto Paranaíba at 850 m of altitude, nine years old. Coffee growing plants were selected in November of 1999. The experiment contrasted the usual recommendation to control coffee leaf rust based on the calendar, with recommendation based on the disease incidence and recommendation based on the forecast model of the disease. The forecast model developed and tested was based on the calculus of the disease severity value (DSV), taking into consideration temperature and leaf wetness period favorable or not to the disease, from which a matrix was developed, similar to the matrix of Wallin (1962). The DSV obtained daily was taken and tested in the field, in order to determine which one would give efficient control of the disease. The forecast model associated besides weather data, the initial disease incidence and expectation of coffee berry yield of the plants. In Coimbra, on coffee plantation with expectation of high berry yield, the treatment based on DSV of 29 to 31 was similar to the calendar treatment (two sprays of systemic fungicides). In Carmo do Paranaíba, on coffee plantation with expectation of medium berry yield, the forecast model recommended one application of systemic fungicide. The treatment based on the calendar preconized two applications for the systemic and four application of the protective fungicide. In conclusion, the forecast model developed proved to be efficient on the control of coffee leaf rust fungus. In Carmo do Paranaíba, the forecast model reduced at least one fungicide application. The progress of coffee leaf rust fungus initiated in 1998, in different altitudes from 660 to 1.275 m, on coffee plantations (Catuaí Vermelho 2144) spaced 2,8 x 0,7 m, in the Zona of Mata of Minas Gerais State. The effect of coffee leaf rust on the progress curve showed that, in higher altitudes (above 1.000 m), the disease was less severe. The peak of the disease was obtained from July to October form 1998 to 2000, and varied according to the altitude. The highest incidence of the disease was obtained in the altitude of de 850 m, and the lowest at 1.275 m. The results indicated that different strategies of chemical control of coffee leaf rust should be adopted according to the altitude of the plantation.
The thesis was divided into two chapters. The first was concerned with forecast model of coffee leaf rust, and the second the effect of the altitude on the disease progress curve. The forecast model of coffee leaf rust based on climatic variables leaf wetness, temperature during leaf wetness period, plant physiology and disease intensity. Two coffee growing areas were chosen, both in the state of Minas Gerais: Coimbra in the Zona da Mata at 680 m of altitude, six years old, and Carmo do Paranaíba in the Alto Paranaíba at 850 m of altitude, nine years old. Coffee growing plants were selected in November of 1999. The experiment contrasted the usual recommendation to control coffee leaf rust based on the calendar, with recommendation based on the disease incidence and recommendation based on the forecast model of the disease. The forecast model developed and tested was based on the calculus of the disease severity value (DSV), taking into consideration temperature and leaf wetness period favorable or not to the disease, from which a matrix was developed, similar to the matrix of Wallin (1962). The DSV obtained daily was taken and tested in the field, in order to determine which one would give efficient control of the disease. The forecast model associated besides weather data, the initial disease incidence and expectation of coffee berry yield of the plants. In Coimbra, on coffee plantation with expectation of high berry yield, the treatment based on DSV of 29 to 31 was similar to the calendar treatment (two sprays of systemic fungicides). In Carmo do Paranaíba, on coffee plantation with expectation of medium berry yield, the forecast model recommended one application of systemic fungicide. The treatment based on the calendar preconized two applications for the systemic and four application of the protective fungicide. In conclusion, the forecast model developed proved to be efficient on the control of coffee leaf rust fungus. In Carmo do Paranaíba, the forecast model reduced at least one fungicide application. The progress of coffee leaf rust fungus initiated in 1998, in different altitudes from 660 to 1.275 m, on coffee plantations (Catuaí Vermelho 2144) spaced 2,8 x 0,7 m, in the Zona of Mata of Minas Gerais State. The effect of coffee leaf rust on the progress curve showed that, in higher altitudes (above 1.000 m), the disease was less severe. The peak of the disease was obtained from July to October form 1998 to 2000, and varied according to the altitude. The highest incidence of the disease was obtained in the altitude of de 850 m, and the lowest at 1.275 m. The results indicated that different strategies of chemical control of coffee leaf rust should be adopted according to the altitude of the plantation.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Palavras-chave
Ferrugem do cafeeiro Previsão Controle Epidemiologia Efeito da altitude Hemileia vastatrix
Citação
Garçon, Clévio Lindolfo Pereira. Sistema de previsão e progresso da ferrugem do cafeeiro em diferentes altitudes. Viçosa : UFV, 2001. 82p. : il. (Dissertação - mestrado em Fitopatologia) Orientador: Laércio Zambolim T 633.7394 G216s 2001