Atributos ecológicos, edáficos e sócio-econômicos em sistemas agroflorestais com leguminosas em Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade, MT
Data
2012-02-29
Autores
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Instituto de Florestas - Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro
Resumo
Os sistemas agroflorestais (SAFs) são agroecossistemas que integram espécies lenhosas perenes (árvores e palmeiras) com cultivos agrícolas, com ou sem a presença de animais, em uma mesma área, para produzir bens e serviços ambientais em bases sustentáveis. Quanto à complexidade desses agroecossistemas, existem desde arranjos que apresentam um reduzido número de componentes e geram poucas interações e produtos, até arranjos mais biodiversos, com alta diversidade e interações sistêmicas complexas. São sistemas tradicionais de manejo que visam o aporte de material orgânico ao solo de forma continua e diversificada e exercem importante papel na reposição dos nutrientes imobilizados na biomassa das plantas. O uso de plantas facilitadoras é determinante na estabilidade e sustentabilidade dos SAFs. Nesse contexto, a compreensão e a quantificação do impacto das práticas de manejo dos componentes da vegetação na qualidade química, física e biológica do solo são importantes no desenvolvimento de sistemas produtivos mais sustentáveis. O estudo foi dividido em três capítulos, onde foram avaliados a diversidade, estrutura e uso da vegetação dos SAFs (Capítulo I); a avaliação do efeito da inclusão de leguminosas fixadoras de nitrogênio nos atributos do solo (Capítulo II); e a demanda de força de trabalho humano em decorrência da adoção do uso de leguminosas no manejo tradicional de SAFs de agricultores quilombolas da comunidade de Boqueirão (Capítulo III). Foi observada uma grande diversidade na vegetação dos SAFs e que a inclusão de leguminosas fixadoras de nitrogênio contribuiu para melhorias na qualidade do solo desses agroecossistemas. O uso de leguminosas favoreceu para o incremento dos atributos químicos estudados, principalmente nos teores de fósforo e potássio; na qualidade física do solo, houve redução da sua densidade; e quanto ao aspecto biológico do solo, houve um aumento na quantidade de minhocas. No manejo operacional dos SAFs, a demanda de força de trabalho foi reduzida com a adoção dessa prática por parte dos agricultores. A introdução de leguminosas fixadoras de nitrogênio permitiu que os agricultores percebessem vários benefícios devido à presença dessas plantas no manejo dos seus sistemas agroflorestais.
Agroforestry systems (AFSs) are agroecosystems that integrate woody species (trees and palms) with agricultural crops, with or without the presence of animals in the same area, to produce environmental goods and services on a sustainable basis. As the complexity of agroecosystems, since there are arrangements with a reduced number of components and interactions and generate a few products until arrangements with more biodiversity, and with a complex systemic interaction. They are traditional management systems that have the objective to provide organic material to the ground in a way continuously and diverse and play an important role in the replacement of nutrients immobilized in the biomass. The use of special plants that are able to facilitate the development of others is crucial for the stability and sustainability of agroforestry systems. In this context, understanding and quantifying the impact of management practices on the soil chemical, physical and biological properties are fundamental in the development of more sustainable production systems. The study was divided into three chapters, where were evaluated the diversity of vegetation structure and use of the plants (Chapter I): the effect of including nitrogen-fixing legumes on the soil attributes (Chapter II), and demand for labor due to the adoption of legumes in the management of traditional farmers maroon community of Boqueirão (Chapter III). A great diversity in the vegetation was observed in the AFSs and the inclusion of nitrogen-fixing legumes improves the soil quality in these agroecosystens. There was an increase in the soil fertility in all the chemical parameters evaluated, especially in phosphorus and potassium. There was a reduction of soil bulk density and in relation of the biological aspects, and an increase in the amount of earthworm. In the operational management of the AFSs, a decrease in demand for labor in the adoption of this practice by farmers was observed. The introduction of nitrogen- fixing legumes has enabled farmers to realize the many benefits of the presence of these plants in the management of agroforestry systems.
Agroforestry systems (AFSs) are agroecosystems that integrate woody species (trees and palms) with agricultural crops, with or without the presence of animals in the same area, to produce environmental goods and services on a sustainable basis. As the complexity of agroecosystems, since there are arrangements with a reduced number of components and interactions and generate a few products until arrangements with more biodiversity, and with a complex systemic interaction. They are traditional management systems that have the objective to provide organic material to the ground in a way continuously and diverse and play an important role in the replacement of nutrients immobilized in the biomass. The use of special plants that are able to facilitate the development of others is crucial for the stability and sustainability of agroforestry systems. In this context, understanding and quantifying the impact of management practices on the soil chemical, physical and biological properties are fundamental in the development of more sustainable production systems. The study was divided into three chapters, where were evaluated the diversity of vegetation structure and use of the plants (Chapter I): the effect of including nitrogen-fixing legumes on the soil attributes (Chapter II), and demand for labor due to the adoption of legumes in the management of traditional farmers maroon community of Boqueirão (Chapter III). A great diversity in the vegetation was observed in the AFSs and the inclusion of nitrogen-fixing legumes improves the soil quality in these agroecosystens. There was an increase in the soil fertility in all the chemical parameters evaluated, especially in phosphorus and potassium. There was a reduction of soil bulk density and in relation of the biological aspects, and an increase in the amount of earthworm. In the operational management of the AFSs, a decrease in demand for labor in the adoption of this practice by farmers was observed. The introduction of nitrogen- fixing legumes has enabled farmers to realize the many benefits of the presence of these plants in the management of agroforestry systems.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida no Instituto de Florestas da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro.
Palavras-chave
Agrossilvicultura, Fertilidade do solo, Solos - Densidade, Leguminosa - Cultivo, Nitrogênio - Fixação
Citação
MENDES, R. R. Atributos ecológicos, edáficos e sócio-econômicos em sistemas agroflorestais com leguminosas em Vila Bela da Santìssima Trindade, MT. 2012. 112 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências Ambientais e Florestais). Instituto de Florestas, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica. 2012.