Avaliação do desempenho de sistemas de tratamento de água em recirculação no descascamento e desmucilagem dos frutos do cafeeiro
Data
2006-07-26
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Este trabalho foi realizado no Setor de Beneficiamento de Frutos do Cafeeiro da Fazenda Braúna, situada no Município de Araponga, MG. O objetivo foi analisar o desempenho de uma peneira pressurizada de malha na remoção de sólidos e de material orgânico, quando adicionada ao processo tradicional de processamento dos frutos do cafeeiro, por via úmida. O sistema de recirculação da água foi operado de duas formas: em circuito curto, em que o efluente das máquinas de processamento foi direcionado a uma caixa d’água de 1.000 litros, de onde, então, foi bombeada até a caixa d’água de 3.000 litros que alimentava o sistema, reiniciando-se o processo; ou em circuito longo, em que o efluente das máquinas de processamento foi direcionado a um tanque de decantação, com capacidade para 12.000 litros, de onde foi bombeado até a caixa de 3.000 litros, reiniciando-se o processo. A peneira de malha pressurizada, objeto de avaliação deste trabalho, foi instalada após as máquinas de processamento, visando-se o tratamento do efluente o qual foi direcionado, ora à caixa de 1.000 litros, ora ao tanque de decantação. Em ambos os casos, o efluente foi bombeado para a caixa d’água de 3.000 litros situada no início do processo para recirculação. Nas amostras coletadas foi medida a condutividade elétrica (CE) e o potencial hidrogeniônico (pH) e foram quantificadas as concentrações de sólidos suspensos (SS), demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO) e demanda química de oxigênio (DQO). Com base nos resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que: a) Quando o sistema foi operado em circuito curto, houve diferença estatística (em nível de 10%) na concentração afluente e efluente de ST, DBO e DQO na peneira pressurizada. No entanto, a peneira apresentou uma baixa eficiência de remoção de CE (8%), ST (15%), SS (15%), DBO (26%) e DQO (27%), não proporcionando qualidade de água suficiente para permanecer por uma jornada diária de 8 horas de trabalho; b) Quando o sistema foi operado em circuito longo, houve diferença estatística (em nível de 10%) na concentração afluente e efluente de SS, DBO e DQO na peneira pressurizada. Porém, a peneira apresentou baixa eficiência na remoção de CE (8%), ST (14%), SS (18%), DBO (12%) e DQO (23%). Assim, como foi observado no circuito curto, a peneira não apresentou efeitos significativos na qualidade da água em recirculação; c) O tanque de decantação foi mais eficiente na remoção de CE (88%), ST (75%), SS (77%), DBO (66%) e DQO (74%) da água em recirculação do que a peneira pressurizada de malha.
This work was carried out at the Coffee Bean Processing Sector of the Brauna Farm located in the municipality of Araponga, MG, to analyze the performance of a pressurized mesh screen for removal of solids and organic material combined with the traditional coffee bean processing via the wet method. The recirculation of water was operated in two ways: under short circuit, with the effluent from the processing machine being delivered to a 1.000 liter water tower, and then pumped up to a 3.000 liter water tower that fed the system, reinitiating the process; or, under long circuit , with the effluent from the processing machine being delivered to a 12.000 liter decantation tank, from where it was pumped up to a 3.000 liter water tower reinitiating the process. The pressurized mesh screen evaluated was installed after the processing machines used to treat the effluent which was alternately delivered to the 1.000 liter water tower and to the decantation tank. In both cases, the effluent was pumped to the 3.000 liter water tower used at the start of the water recirculation process. Electric conductivity (EC) and hydrogenionic potential (pH) were measured and the concentration of total solids (TS), suspended solids (SS), oxygen biochemical demand (BOD) and oxygen chemical demand (COD) were quantified in the samples collected. Based on the results obtained , it could be concluded that: a) When the system was operated under short circuit, a statistical difference (at a level of 10%) was observed in the affluent effluent concentration of TS, OBD and OCD in the pressurized screen. However, the screen showed low efficiency in removing EC (8%), TS (15%), SS (15%), BOD (26%) and COD (27%), with insufficient water qualitybeing provided for a 8-hour working day shift; b) when the system was operated under long circuit a statistical difference ( at a level of 10%) was observed in the affluent effluent concentration of SS, BOD and COD in the pressurized screen .However, the screen showed low efficiency in the removal of EC (8%), TS (14%), SS (18%), BOD (12%) and COD (23%). Thus, as observed in the short circuit, the screen did not present significant effects on recirculating water quality; c) The decantation tank was more efficient in the removal of EC (88%), TS (75%), SS (77%), BOD (66%) and COD (74%) from the recirculating water than the pressurized mesh screen.
This work was carried out at the Coffee Bean Processing Sector of the Brauna Farm located in the municipality of Araponga, MG, to analyze the performance of a pressurized mesh screen for removal of solids and organic material combined with the traditional coffee bean processing via the wet method. The recirculation of water was operated in two ways: under short circuit, with the effluent from the processing machine being delivered to a 1.000 liter water tower, and then pumped up to a 3.000 liter water tower that fed the system, reinitiating the process; or, under long circuit , with the effluent from the processing machine being delivered to a 12.000 liter decantation tank, from where it was pumped up to a 3.000 liter water tower reinitiating the process. The pressurized mesh screen evaluated was installed after the processing machines used to treat the effluent which was alternately delivered to the 1.000 liter water tower and to the decantation tank. In both cases, the effluent was pumped to the 3.000 liter water tower used at the start of the water recirculation process. Electric conductivity (EC) and hydrogenionic potential (pH) were measured and the concentration of total solids (TS), suspended solids (SS), oxygen biochemical demand (BOD) and oxygen chemical demand (COD) were quantified in the samples collected. Based on the results obtained , it could be concluded that: a) When the system was operated under short circuit, a statistical difference (at a level of 10%) was observed in the affluent effluent concentration of TS, OBD and OCD in the pressurized screen. However, the screen showed low efficiency in removing EC (8%), TS (15%), SS (15%), BOD (26%) and COD (27%), with insufficient water qualitybeing provided for a 8-hour working day shift; b) when the system was operated under long circuit a statistical difference ( at a level of 10%) was observed in the affluent effluent concentration of SS, BOD and COD in the pressurized screen .However, the screen showed low efficiency in the removal of EC (8%), TS (14%), SS (18%), BOD (12%) and COD (23%). Thus, as observed in the short circuit, the screen did not present significant effects on recirculating water quality; c) The decantation tank was more efficient in the removal of EC (88%), TS (75%), SS (77%), BOD (66%) and COD (74%) from the recirculating water than the pressurized mesh screen.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
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Citação
RAGGI, L. G. R. Avaliação do desempenho de sistemas de tratamento de água em recirculação no descascamento e desmucilagem dos frutos do cafeeiro. 2006. 55 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Agrícola) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa-MG. 2006.