Influência de fatores bioclimáticos no desenvolvimento e produção do cafeeiro arábica e na qualidade dos grãos em Matão (SP)
Data
2012-09
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Editor
Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”
Resumo
O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a influência de diferentes supressões de irrigação, faces de exposição das plantas à radiação solar e posições na planta sobre as características vegetativas e reprodutivas dos cafeeiros após a poda e nas características produtivas e qualitativas de grãos de café. O experimento no delineamento em parcelas sub subdivididas com quatro repetições em blocos casualizados foi conduzido na Fazenda Cambuhy Agrícola Ltda (Matão, SP) com a cultivar arábica Mundo Novo IAC 376-4, em sistema de gotejamento na safra 2010/2011. Os tratamentos primários (parcelas) constituíram em seis supressões de irrigação: NI= não irrigado, IC= irrigação continuada durante todo o ano, IC 14a-19m= IC, exceto entre 14 de abril a 19 de maio, IC 20m-24jn= IC, exceto entre 20 de maio a 24 de junho, IC 25jn-30jl= IC, exceto entre 25 de junho a 30 de julho e IC 31jl-04s= IC, exceto entre 31 de julho a 04 de setembro. Os tratamentos secundários (subparcelas) constituíram nas faces de exposição das plantas à radiação solar (FEPARS): Sudeste (SE) e Noroeste (NW). Os tratamentos ternários (sub subparcela) constituíram na posição na planta (PP): terço superior (TS), terço médio (TM) e terço inferior (TI). O cafeeiro não irrigado apresenta o menor crescimento inicial após a poda. No cafeeiro com irrigação continuada (IC) ocorre menor crescimento inicial sendo maior na supressão IC 25jn-30jl e IC 31jl-04s durante o período de primavera e verão. Nos cafeeiros irrigados em especial ao uso das supressões IC 14a-19m, IC 20m-24jn, e IC 25jn-30jl promove maior produtividade total e renda de benefício de café comparado ao cafeeiro não irrigado. A FEPARS noroeste proporciona maior produtividade total e rendimento de café. Nos cafeeiros irrigados ocorre a mesma concentração de floradas comparadas aos cafeeiros não irrigados, porém em época diferente e mais precoce. Ocorre maior quantidade de ramificações e no total de flores emitidas para a FEPARS NW. As emissões de flores nos cafeeiros não irrigados não se diferenciaram quanto à posição na planta (PP). Nas parcelas irrigadas ocorrem maiores quantidade de flores emitidas na PP localizada no sentido terço superior ao inferior, tal como o avanço na maturação de frutos dos cafeeiros com maiores porcentuais de passa, seco, soma de cereja e passa com menor porcentagem de verde e verde-cana para a PP localizada no TS. Em todos os tratamentos com irrigação não houve diferença na porcentagem de frutos nos diferentes estádios de maturação. O cafeeiro não irrigado produz maior porcentual de grãos moca e menor porcentual de grãos chato médio (peneiras 16 e 15) ocorrendo o contrário para os cafeeiros irrigados. Os cafeeiros irrigados possuem o mesmo número total de defeitos que os cafeeiros não irrigados. Entre os irrigados a supressão I4 se apresentou inferior a classificação quanto ao tipo (6-30 com 16,84% grãos defeituosos) em relação ao I6 (5-45 com 9,36% grãos defeituosos). A classificação sensorial em todas as supressões de irrigação é duro ou apenas mole. Ocorre maior porcentagem de frutos nos estádios de maturação verde, cereja, soma de cereja e passa e menor porcentagem de secos para a FEPARS SE apresentando superioridade na classificação sensorial, porém com maior equivalência dos grãos com o defeito verde, não se diferenciando apenas entre cafeeiros não irrigados e irrigados com supressão I6. Contudo, é na FEPARS NW a retenção do maior porcentual de grãos chato grande (peneiras 19, 18 e 17), grãos moca grande e grãos igual e maior a peneira 16, mas com maior equivalência dos grãos com os defeitos concha e chocho, porcentual de grãos defeituosos e na classificação quanto ao tipo.
The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of different irrigation suppressions, sides of plant exposure solar radiation and plant positions on the vegetative and reproductive characteristics of the trees after pruning and productive characteristics and quality of coffee beans. The experiment in split plot design with four replications in a randomized block design was conducted at the Ltd. (Matão, São Paulo, Brazil) with the cultivar arabica Mundo Novo, drip system in 2010/2011 harvest. The primary treatment consisted of six irrigation suppression (plot) by NI = no irrigation, CI = continuous irrigation throughout the year, CI 14a-19m= CI, except between April 14 to May 19, CI 20m-24jn= CI, except May 20 to June 24, CI 25jn 30jl = CI, except between June 25 to July 30 and CI 31jl-04s = IC, except between 31 July to 04 September. The secondary treatment or subplot was the sides of plant exposure solar radiation (SPESR) Southeast (SE) and Northwest (NW). The ternary treatments or sub subplot constituted the position in the plant (PP) located on the upper third (UT), mid third (MT) and lower third (IT). The non-irrigated coffee had the lowest initial growth after pruning. In irrigated coffee throughout the year is lower with higher initial growth suppression CI 25jn-30jl and CI 31jl-04s during the spring and summer. In irrigated coffee in particular the use of suppression CI 14a-19m, CI 20m-24jn, and CI 25jn- 30jl promotes greater overall productivity and income benefit of coffee compared to non-irrigated coffee. The Northwest SPESR provides greater overall productivity and yield of coffee. In irrigated coffee plants is the same concentration of flowering coffee plants compared to dryland, but in different time and earlier. There is a higher amount of branching and the total flower issued to Northwest SPESR. The issue of the flowers on plants without irrigation did not differ as to the position in the plant (PP). In all the irrigated larger quantity of flowers is issued in order PP glance - soil such as the advance in ripening fruit of the plants with highest percentage of passes, dry sum cherry and passes with a lower percentage of green and green-cane for the PP located in the TS. In all irrigation treatments there was no difference in the percentage of fruits in different maturation stages. Coffee trees without irrigation produce higher percentage of grain mocha and also smaller percentage of average grain boring (sieves 16:15). The opposite occurs in irrigated trees. The irrigated trees have the same total number of defects that dryland trees. Among irrigated suppression I4 presented below in classification type (6-30 16.84% defective grains) compared to I6 (5-45 and 9.36% defective grains). For all suppressions irrigation classification occurs in sensory hard or just soft. Occur in a higher percentage of fruits green, cherry, cherry and passes sum and lowest percentage of passes and dry fruits for Southeast SPESR with sensory superiority in classification, but with greater equivalence of grains with the green defect, not just differentiating between coffee dryland and irrigated with suppression I6. However, in Northwest SPESR is the retention of a higher percentage of large grains boring (number sieves 19, 18 and 17), moca large grains and grain sieve equal to 16 and higher, but with greater equivalence of grains with defects shell and poorly filled grain percentage of defective beans and classification type.
The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of different irrigation suppressions, sides of plant exposure solar radiation and plant positions on the vegetative and reproductive characteristics of the trees after pruning and productive characteristics and quality of coffee beans. The experiment in split plot design with four replications in a randomized block design was conducted at the Ltd. (Matão, São Paulo, Brazil) with the cultivar arabica Mundo Novo, drip system in 2010/2011 harvest. The primary treatment consisted of six irrigation suppression (plot) by NI = no irrigation, CI = continuous irrigation throughout the year, CI 14a-19m= CI, except between April 14 to May 19, CI 20m-24jn= CI, except May 20 to June 24, CI 25jn 30jl = CI, except between June 25 to July 30 and CI 31jl-04s = IC, except between 31 July to 04 September. The secondary treatment or subplot was the sides of plant exposure solar radiation (SPESR) Southeast (SE) and Northwest (NW). The ternary treatments or sub subplot constituted the position in the plant (PP) located on the upper third (UT), mid third (MT) and lower third (IT). The non-irrigated coffee had the lowest initial growth after pruning. In irrigated coffee throughout the year is lower with higher initial growth suppression CI 25jn-30jl and CI 31jl-04s during the spring and summer. In irrigated coffee in particular the use of suppression CI 14a-19m, CI 20m-24jn, and CI 25jn- 30jl promotes greater overall productivity and income benefit of coffee compared to non-irrigated coffee. The Northwest SPESR provides greater overall productivity and yield of coffee. In irrigated coffee plants is the same concentration of flowering coffee plants compared to dryland, but in different time and earlier. There is a higher amount of branching and the total flower issued to Northwest SPESR. The issue of the flowers on plants without irrigation did not differ as to the position in the plant (PP). In all the irrigated larger quantity of flowers is issued in order PP glance - soil such as the advance in ripening fruit of the plants with highest percentage of passes, dry sum cherry and passes with a lower percentage of green and green-cane for the PP located in the TS. In all irrigation treatments there was no difference in the percentage of fruits in different maturation stages. Coffee trees without irrigation produce higher percentage of grain mocha and also smaller percentage of average grain boring (sieves 16:15). The opposite occurs in irrigated trees. The irrigated trees have the same total number of defects that dryland trees. Among irrigated suppression I4 presented below in classification type (6-30 16.84% defective grains) compared to I6 (5-45 and 9.36% defective grains). For all suppressions irrigation classification occurs in sensory hard or just soft. Occur in a higher percentage of fruits green, cherry, cherry and passes sum and lowest percentage of passes and dry fruits for Southeast SPESR with sensory superiority in classification, but with greater equivalence of grains with the green defect, not just differentiating between coffee dryland and irrigated with suppression I6. However, in Northwest SPESR is the retention of a higher percentage of large grains boring (number sieves 19, 18 and 17), moca large grains and grain sieve equal to 16 and higher, but with greater equivalence of grains with defects shell and poorly filled grain percentage of defective beans and classification type.
Descrição
Tese de doutorado defendida na Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”.
Palavras-chave
Coffea arabica L., Gotejamento, Supressão de irrigação, Face de exposição, Posição na planta
Citação
CUSTÓDIO, A. A. P. Influência de fatores bioclimáticos no desenvolvimento e produção do cafeeiro arábica e na qualidade dos grãos em Matão (SP). 2012. 131 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia) - Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Jaboticabal. 2012.