Análise da efetividade das estratégias estáticas e dinâmicas de hedge para o mercado brasileiro de café arábica
Data
2007
Autores
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Este trabalho teve a finalidade de analisar a efetividade de estratégias de hedge, em termos de redução de riscos, para o mercado de café arábica, com uso do mecanismo de mercados futuros da Bolsa de Mercadorias e Futuros (BM&F). Observou-se, a priori, que o café arábica está entre os produtos mais arriscados do agronegócio brasileiro. Além disso, detectou-se o pouco uso desse mecanismo não só para o café arábica, mas para todo o agronegócio brasileiro, embora os mercados futuros sejam amplamente difundidos como um meio eficaz de reduzir riscos oriundos da comercialização física do produto. De forma geral, a literatura acerca de hedging na linha de investigação de minimização de riscos tem demonstrado divergência em seus resultados, cujo centro da discussão é a inclusão do conteúdo informacional. Entende-se por estratégia de hedge a proporção de contratos futuros realizados em relação à comercialização física do produto feita (ou a fazer) pelo hedger. Para encontrar essas estratégias neste trabalho, foram aplicados o Modelo Clássico de Regressão Linear (MCRL) sobre os retornos dos preços à vista e futuros (sem informações passadas), denominado Estratégia Simples; o Modelo Vetorial de Correção de Erro (VEC), que incorpora o conteúdo informacional na forma auto-regressiva e o inter-relacionamento entre o curto e o longo prazo, denominado Estratégia com Conteúdo Informacional (ECCI). A característica comum dessas estratégias é que elas são estáticas, uma vez que as variâncias e a covariância são constantes, mantendo também os riscos constantes. Por fim, foi encontrada a Estratégia Dinâmica de hedge a partir do modelo GARCH Multivariado BEKK, que inclui os efeitos das informações sobre a volatilidade dos preços (volatilidade condicional). A estratégia é dinâmica porque as variância e a covariância se alteram, modificando os riscos e, como conseqüência, a proporção de contratos futuros em relação à comercialização física. Além dessas estratégias, foram incluídas duas outras estratégias bastante comuns no mercado brasileiro: a não-atuação em mercados futuros, e a cobertura completa, em que o hedge contrata em futuros a mesma proporção de sua comercialização física. Os resultados indicaram que a estratégia que mais reduziu riscos da comercialização de café arábica foi a Estratégia Dinâmica para todos os contratos dentro e fora da amostra, seguidos da Estratégia Simples, da ECCI e da Cobertura Completa. A nãoatuação em mercados futuros foi responsável pelos maiores riscos. Para agentes com pequena escala de comercialização, houve indeterminação entre as estratégias, excluída a Cobertura Completa, que não foi aconselhável. Todas elas tiveram redução de riscos semelhantes. Quanto maior a escala de comercialização e, por conseqüência, maior necessidade de contratos futuros, maior a importância da Estratégia Dinâmica de hedge. Concluiu-se que a Estratégia Simples é ainda aplicável para agentes com pequena escala de comercialização, uma vez que demanda pouco tempo de gerenciamento, não necessita de especialistas, podendo ser realizado pelo próprio agente. A conclusão é reforçada pois a Cobertura Completa não foi boa estratégia. No entanto, os valores pagos pela estratégia podem inviabilizar a atuação em mercados futuros. Quanto aos agentes com maior escala de comercialização, a Estratégia Dinâmica passa a ser interessante, sendo aplicável.
This work was the purpose of analyzing the hedge strategies effectiveness, in terms of risks reduction to the arabian coffee market, with the futures markets use. It was observed, a priori, that arabian coffee is among the most risky products of the Brazilian agribusiness. Moreover, it was detected low use of futures mechanism not only for this product, but for all Brazilian agribusiness, despite of the futures markets are widely disseminated as an effective way of risks reduction from the physical product sale. In general, the hedging literature in the risk minimize research’s has been shown difference in their results; in particular the recent questioning is based on informational content. Hedge strategy is understood as the proportion of futures contracts acquired when compared with the physical product commercialization. To find those strategies in this work, were estimated the Linear Regression Classic Model (MCRL) on the return of the cash and futures prices (no information past) called Simple Strategy; the Vector Error Correction model (VEC), which incorporates the informational content in auto-regressive form and the inter relationship between the short and long run, this strategy was called Strategy with Information Content (ECCI). The common feature of these strategies is that they are static, as the variance and covariance are constant, keeping also the risks constant. Finally, it was found a Dynamic strategy of hedge from Multivariate BEKK GARCH model, which includes information on the effects of price volatility (conditional volatility). The strategy is dynamic because the variance and covariance is changing, modifying the risks and as consequence the proportion of futures contracts on physical marketing. Beyond these strategies it were included two other fairly common strategies in the Brazilian market: not to act in future markets, and complete coverage, in which the hedge contracts in future the same proportion of their marketing physics. The results showed that the strategy that most reduced risk of the marketing of arabiain coffee was the Dynamics strategy for all contracts within and outside of the sample, followed by Simple Strategy, ECCI and Complete Coverage. No act in future markets has been responsible for the higher risk. For players with small-scale marketing, was not possible identify witch was the best strategy, excluding Complete Coverage, which was not advisable. All of them had similar risk reduction. The larger the scale of marketing and consequently, the greater the importance of the dynamics strategy of hedge. It was concluded that the simple strategy is yet apply to agents with small marketing since they demand little time management, requires no specialists can be done by the very agent. The conclusion is reinforced by the Complete Coverage was not good strategy. However, the amounts paid by the strategy may not feasible action in the futures markets. As those hedgers with greater scale of the marketing strategy will be interesting dynamics, as applicable.
This work was the purpose of analyzing the hedge strategies effectiveness, in terms of risks reduction to the arabian coffee market, with the futures markets use. It was observed, a priori, that arabian coffee is among the most risky products of the Brazilian agribusiness. Moreover, it was detected low use of futures mechanism not only for this product, but for all Brazilian agribusiness, despite of the futures markets are widely disseminated as an effective way of risks reduction from the physical product sale. In general, the hedging literature in the risk minimize research’s has been shown difference in their results; in particular the recent questioning is based on informational content. Hedge strategy is understood as the proportion of futures contracts acquired when compared with the physical product commercialization. To find those strategies in this work, were estimated the Linear Regression Classic Model (MCRL) on the return of the cash and futures prices (no information past) called Simple Strategy; the Vector Error Correction model (VEC), which incorporates the informational content in auto-regressive form and the inter relationship between the short and long run, this strategy was called Strategy with Information Content (ECCI). The common feature of these strategies is that they are static, as the variance and covariance are constant, keeping also the risks constant. Finally, it was found a Dynamic strategy of hedge from Multivariate BEKK GARCH model, which includes information on the effects of price volatility (conditional volatility). The strategy is dynamic because the variance and covariance is changing, modifying the risks and as consequence the proportion of futures contracts on physical marketing. Beyond these strategies it were included two other fairly common strategies in the Brazilian market: not to act in future markets, and complete coverage, in which the hedge contracts in future the same proportion of their marketing physics. The results showed that the strategy that most reduced risk of the marketing of arabiain coffee was the Dynamics strategy for all contracts within and outside of the sample, followed by Simple Strategy, ECCI and Complete Coverage. No act in future markets has been responsible for the higher risk. For players with small-scale marketing, was not possible identify witch was the best strategy, excluding Complete Coverage, which was not advisable. All of them had similar risk reduction. The larger the scale of marketing and consequently, the greater the importance of the dynamics strategy of hedge. It was concluded that the simple strategy is yet apply to agents with small marketing since they demand little time management, requires no specialists can be done by the very agent. The conclusion is reinforced by the Complete Coverage was not good strategy. However, the amounts paid by the strategy may not feasible action in the futures markets. As those hedgers with greater scale of the marketing strategy will be interesting dynamics, as applicable.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Palavras-chave
Café arábica Mercado de futuros Efetividade Hedge Modelo GARCH multivariado, Coffee Futures market Effectiveness Hedge Multivariete BEKK GARCH model Coffea arabica
Citação
Muller, Carlos André da Silva. Análise da efetividade das estratégias estáticas e dinâmicas de hedge para o mercado brasileiro de café arábica. Viçosa : UFV, 2007. 132 f. : il. (Tese - Doutorado em Economia Aplicada). Orientador: Altair Dias de Moura. T 332.64524 M958a 2007