Número de locos e ação gênica de fatores para porte pequeno em Coffea arabica L.
Data
1984-07
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Instituto Agronômico (IAC)
Resumo
Analisaram-se, geneticamente, os fatores que reduzem a altura das plantas nos seguintes cultivares de Coffea arabica: Caturra (C 476, C 477), San Bernardo (C 1039), Pacas (C 1467), Vila Sarchi (C 1468), San Ramón x Bourbon (C 1036), Vila Lobos (C 1089) e San Ramón (C 457 e C 601). Realizaram-se cruzamentos com o cultivar Arábica, tomado como padrão e entre eles. As conclusões relatadas são resultantes do estudo de 91.358 plantas, envolvendo gerações S1, S2, S3, F1 e F2, retrocruzamentos e cruzamentos-teste. O porte reduzido em cada cultivar é devido a um fator simples, dominante em relação ao alelo do Arábica. Três locos foram identificados - São Bernardo (Sb), San Ramón (Sr) e Caturra (Ct) - segregando independentemente, em combinações diíbridas. Possivelmente, outros locos estejam também envolvidos. Pacas e Vila Sarchi possuem alelos para o mesmo loco, enquanto o fator da introdução C 1036 é alelo a Ct. Não há informações precisas se o fator de Vila Lobos é alelo a Sr, embora ambos segreguem independentemente dos fatores Ct e Sb, e o fator presente em Vila Lobos seja independente também daquele presente em Pacas e Vila Sarchi. As análises em progênies das gerações F1 e F2 e de retrocruzamentos de plantas com dois quaisquer desses fatores revelaram uma interação interlocos do tipo epistasia duplo dominante. A presença de um alelo dominante em um loco mascara o efeito de outro fator dominante. Plantas homozigotas ou heterozigotas para um alelo dominante em um ou dois locos são visualmente indistinguiveis pela altura. Mediante hibridações com o cafeeiro Murta, verificou-se serem o San Ramón derivado do Arábica e o Caturra, do Bourbon.
A genetic analysis was performed for short stature factors present in the following Coffea arabica cultivars: Caturra (C 476, C 477), São Bernardo (C 1039), Pacas (C 1467), Vila Sarchi (C 1468), San Ramon x Bourbon (C 1036), Vila Lobos (C 1089) and San Ramón (C 457 and C 601). Crosses were made between them and with C. arabica cv Arabica taken as the standard genotype. The results reported here are the outcome of a study of 91,358 plants comprising investigations on generations S1, S2, S3, F1, F2, BC and test crosses. Short stature in each cultivar is controlled by a single gene, dominant to the allele for normal plant height of cv. Arabica. Three loci were identified - São Bernardo (Sb), San Ramón (Sr) and Caturra (Ct) - assorted independently from dihybrid combinations. Other loci may also be involved. Pacas and Vila Sarchi factors are alleles of the same locus while accession C 1036 carries an allele of Ct. The analysis is not yet conclusive to ascertain whether the factors present in Vila Lobos and San Ramón (Sr) are alleles, despite the fact that both segregate independently from Ct and Sb. In addition, the factor present in Vila Lobos is independent from the factor found in Pacas or Vila Sarchi. The analysis of F1, F2, BC and test crosses for dihybrid combinations revealed that they interact in typical duplicate dominant epistasis, the presence of one dominant allele in one locus masking the effect of the other. Seedlings homozygous or heterozygous for a dominant allele, at one or two loci, have the same short stature phenotype.
A genetic analysis was performed for short stature factors present in the following Coffea arabica cultivars: Caturra (C 476, C 477), São Bernardo (C 1039), Pacas (C 1467), Vila Sarchi (C 1468), San Ramon x Bourbon (C 1036), Vila Lobos (C 1089) and San Ramón (C 457 and C 601). Crosses were made between them and with C. arabica cv Arabica taken as the standard genotype. The results reported here are the outcome of a study of 91,358 plants comprising investigations on generations S1, S2, S3, F1, F2, BC and test crosses. Short stature in each cultivar is controlled by a single gene, dominant to the allele for normal plant height of cv. Arabica. Three loci were identified - São Bernardo (Sb), San Ramón (Sr) and Caturra (Ct) - assorted independently from dihybrid combinations. Other loci may also be involved. Pacas and Vila Sarchi factors are alleles of the same locus while accession C 1036 carries an allele of Ct. The analysis is not yet conclusive to ascertain whether the factors present in Vila Lobos and San Ramón (Sr) are alleles, despite the fact that both segregate independently from Ct and Sb. In addition, the factor present in Vila Lobos is independent from the factor found in Pacas or Vila Sarchi. The analysis of F1, F2, BC and test crosses for dihybrid combinations revealed that they interact in typical duplicate dominant epistasis, the presence of one dominant allele in one locus masking the effect of the other. Seedlings homozygous or heterozygous for a dominant allele, at one or two loci, have the same short stature phenotype.
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CARVALHO, A. et al. Número de locos e ação gênica de fatores para porte pequeno em Coffea arabica L.. Bragantia, Campinas, v. 43, n. 2, p. 425-442, Jul./Dez. 1984.