Perfil sensorial e químico de genótipos de cafeeiro Bourbon de diferentes origens geográficas
Data
2010-02-25
Autores
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
A cultivar Bourbon apresenta elevado potencial de qualidade de bebida nas regiões de melhor aptidão climática e, por isso, é altamente valorizada nos mercados de cafés especiais. O presente estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de descrever o perfil sensorial e químico de genótipos de cafeeiro Bourbon nas regiões sul, do estado de Minas Gerais e Mogiana, do estado de São Paulo, visando à identificação de genótipos promissores para a produção de cafés de qualidade superior. Foram avaliadas 14 genótipos de cafeeiro arábica (Coffea arabica L.), sendo 11 pertencentes ao grupo Bourbon e três representantes de cultivares comerciais amplamente cultivadas no Brasil (Mundo Novo IAC 502/9, Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144 e Icatu Precoce IAC 3282), as quais serviram como testemunhas para as devidas comparações. As populações foram estabelecidas na forma de experimento em campo nos municípios de Lavras e Santo Antônio do Amparo, no estado de Minas Gerais, e São Sebastião da Grama, no estado de São Paulo. Os cafés foram colhidos, processados, secados, armazenados e, posteriormente, analisados, química (trigonelina, ácidos clorogênicos e cafeína) e sensorialmente. Todos os procedimentos foram realizados de acordo com técnicas específicas estabelecidas pela tecnologia de pós-colheita do café e sob rigorosos padrões de controle de qualidade. A interação entre genótipos e ambiente de produção influenciou significativamente os teores de trigonelina e cafeína dos grãos. De modo geral, os resultados das análises químicas apresentaram relação com os resultados da análise sensorial para os ambientes, independente do genótipo estudado. A diferença entre os teores dos compostos químicos analisados foi muito pequena, não sendo, no presente estudo, suficiente para a discriminação entre os genótipos. Os genótipos de Bourbon apresentaram maior potencial para a produção de cafés especiais em relação às testemunhas, em todos os ambientes analisados. A influência do ambiente sobre a qualidade da bebida do café depende da adaptação e da expressão de cada genótipo e a interação de diferentes atributos pode resultar em cafés de qualidade superior com características sensoriais distintas. Em alguns genótipos foram identificadas nuances de sabor e aroma associadas a perfis sensoriais predominantemente florais, frutados, caramelados e achocolatados, altamente valorizados no mercado de cafés especiais.
The Bourbon cultivar has a high potential for quality beverage in regions with better climatic suitability and therefore it is highly prized in the markets for this specialty coffee. The objective of this work was to describe the chemical and sensory profile of Bourbon coffee genotypes in the south of State of Minas Gerais and Mogiana in the State of São Paulo, aiming at the identification of promising genotypes for the production of superior quality coffee. Fourteen genotypes of arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) were evaluated, being 11 in the group of Bourbon, and three representatives of commercial cultivars widely grown in Brazil (Mundo Novo IAC 502/9, Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144 e Icatu Precoce IAC 3282), which served as witnesses for comparisons. Populations were established in the form of a field experiment in the cities of Lavras and Santo Antônio do Amparo, in the state of Minas Gerais and São Sebastião da Grama, in the state of Sao Paulo. The coffees were collected, processed, dried, stored and later analyzed chemically (trigonelline, chlorogenic acids and caffeine) and sensorially. All procedures were performed according to specific techniques established by the technology of post-harvest coffee and under rigorous standards of quality control. The interaction between genotypes and production environment influenced significantly the trigonelline and caffeine levels in the beans. There was a correlation between the results of chemical analysis the results of sensory analysis regardless of the genotypes. The difference between the levels of chemical compounds analyzed in this study was very low and thus not enough to discriminate the different genotypes. The genotypes of Bourbon had higher potential for production of specialty coffee than the controls in all environments analyzed. The influence of the environment in the quality of the coffee depends on the adaptation and expression of each genotype and the interaction of different attributes may result in specialty coffees with different sensory characteristics. In some genotypes were identified flavor and aroma nuances associated with sensory profiles floral, fruity, caramel and chocolate, highly valued in the market for specialty coffees.
The Bourbon cultivar has a high potential for quality beverage in regions with better climatic suitability and therefore it is highly prized in the markets for this specialty coffee. The objective of this work was to describe the chemical and sensory profile of Bourbon coffee genotypes in the south of State of Minas Gerais and Mogiana in the State of São Paulo, aiming at the identification of promising genotypes for the production of superior quality coffee. Fourteen genotypes of arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) were evaluated, being 11 in the group of Bourbon, and three representatives of commercial cultivars widely grown in Brazil (Mundo Novo IAC 502/9, Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144 e Icatu Precoce IAC 3282), which served as witnesses for comparisons. Populations were established in the form of a field experiment in the cities of Lavras and Santo Antônio do Amparo, in the state of Minas Gerais and São Sebastião da Grama, in the state of Sao Paulo. The coffees were collected, processed, dried, stored and later analyzed chemically (trigonelline, chlorogenic acids and caffeine) and sensorially. All procedures were performed according to specific techniques established by the technology of post-harvest coffee and under rigorous standards of quality control. The interaction between genotypes and production environment influenced significantly the trigonelline and caffeine levels in the beans. There was a correlation between the results of chemical analysis the results of sensory analysis regardless of the genotypes. The difference between the levels of chemical compounds analyzed in this study was very low and thus not enough to discriminate the different genotypes. The genotypes of Bourbon had higher potential for production of specialty coffee than the controls in all environments analyzed. The influence of the environment in the quality of the coffee depends on the adaptation and expression of each genotype and the interaction of different attributes may result in specialty coffees with different sensory characteristics. In some genotypes were identified flavor and aroma nuances associated with sensory profiles floral, fruity, caramel and chocolate, highly valued in the market for specialty coffees.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Coffea arabica L., Qualidade, Cafés especiais
Citação
FIGUEIREDO, L. P. Perfil sensorial e químico de genótipos de cafeeiro Bourbon de diferentes origens geográficas. 2010. 81 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência dos Alimentos) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras. 2010.