Avaliação das propriedades físico-químicas de café arábica (Coffea arabica) e conilon (Coffea canephora) classificados quanto à qualidade da bebida
Data
2015-08-07
Autores
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Editor
Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
As espécies de café de maior importância econômica cultivadas no Brasil são Coffea arabica e Coffea canephora. O café cru de ambas as espécies é comercializado e valorizado de acordo com a qualidade dos grãos. A qualidade do produto final depende de vários fatores, tais como: a espécie, a forma de realização da colheita, o beneficiamento do grão, o armazenamento, a torrefação e a moagem. Para determinar a qualidade da bebida do café é realizada a análise sensorial, onde indivíduos treinados provam o café e lhe atribuem uma nota ou classificação. Poucos trabalhos relacionando as propriedades físico-químicas e a qualidade da bebida de café são encontrados na literatura. Neste contexto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar as propriedades físico-químicas de café arábica e conilon, relacionando-as com a qualidade da bebida; verificar as diferenças entre as espécies; além da influência da torra sobre essas propriedades. As propriedades físico-químicas determinadas foram: umidade, perda de massa, cor do café torrado, pH, acidez total titulável, açúcares totais (redutores e não redutores), sólidos solúveis, teor de compostos fenólicos totais, condutividade elétrica, lixiviação de potássio, cafeína, trigonelina e ácido clorogênico. Não foram verificadas diferenças quanto às propriedades físico- químicas, entre os tratamentos (classificações) de cada espécie (arábica e conilon), tanto para as amostras de grãos crus como de grãos torrados, para as variáveis teor de sólidos solúveis, condutividade elétrica, lixiviação de potássio e ácido clorogênico. Foram verificadas diferenças quanto às propriedades físico químicas entre os tratamentos para as variáveis pH, acidez total titulável e açúcares. O teor de compostos fenólicos totais, trigonelina e cafeína, foram as propriedades físico-químicas que melhor discriminaram as duas espécies de café. As propriedades físico-químicas do café são dependentes da torra. Observou-se adiminuição do teor de sólidos solúveis, pH, açúcares, compostos fenólicos totais, ácido clorogênico e trigonelina, após a torra, enquanto que, a acidez titulável total aumentou e a cafeína se manteve estável. Através do teste de correlação de Pearson foram observadas correlações significativas entre as propriedades físico- químicas analisadas com a nota sensorial. Correlações positivas foram verificadas para a umidade e acidez do café torrado, ao passo que, correlações negativas foram verificadas para sólidos solúveis e pH do café torrado, condutividade elétrica e lixiviação de potássio, no café cru.
The species of greatest economic importance of coffee grown in Brazil are Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora. The raw coffee is marketed both species and enhanced according to the quality of the grains. The quality of the final product, depends on several factors, such as the species, the embodiment of the harvest, the grain processing, storage, roasting and grinding. To determine the coffee beverage quality is performed sensory analysis, where trained individuals taste the coffee and give it a score or rating. Few studies relating the physicochemical properties and beverage quality are found in the literature. In this context, the objective of this study was to analyze the physicochemical properties of arabica and conilon coffee, relating them to the quality of the beverage; check the differences between species; beyond the influence of roasting on these properties. They were determined moisture, mass loss, color in roasted coffee, pH, total acidity, total sugars (reducing and non-reducing sugar), soluble solids, total phenolics compounds, electrical conductivity, potassium leaching, caffeine, chlorogenic acids and trigonelline. There were no differences as to the physicochemical properties between treatments (ratings) of each species (arabica and conilon), for both the raw grain samples as roasted beans, for the content soluble solids, electrical conductivity, leaching potassium and chlorogenic acid. Differences were found regarding the physicochemical properties between treatments for pH, titratable acidity and sugars. The content of phenolic compounds, trigonelline and caffeine were the physicochemical properties that best discriminated the two species of coffee. The physicochemical properties of the coffee are dependent on the roasting. There was a decrease in soluble solids, pH, sugars, phenolic compounds, chlorogenic acid and trigonelline, after roasting,while the titratable acidity increased and caffeine remained stable. Through the Pearson correlation test, significant correlations were observed between the physicochemical properties with sensory note. Positive correlations were observed for moisture and acidity of roasted coffee, whereas negative correlations were observed for soluble solids and pH of roasted coffee, electrical conductivity and potassium leaching in raw coffee.
The species of greatest economic importance of coffee grown in Brazil are Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora. The raw coffee is marketed both species and enhanced according to the quality of the grains. The quality of the final product, depends on several factors, such as the species, the embodiment of the harvest, the grain processing, storage, roasting and grinding. To determine the coffee beverage quality is performed sensory analysis, where trained individuals taste the coffee and give it a score or rating. Few studies relating the physicochemical properties and beverage quality are found in the literature. In this context, the objective of this study was to analyze the physicochemical properties of arabica and conilon coffee, relating them to the quality of the beverage; check the differences between species; beyond the influence of roasting on these properties. They were determined moisture, mass loss, color in roasted coffee, pH, total acidity, total sugars (reducing and non-reducing sugar), soluble solids, total phenolics compounds, electrical conductivity, potassium leaching, caffeine, chlorogenic acids and trigonelline. There were no differences as to the physicochemical properties between treatments (ratings) of each species (arabica and conilon), for both the raw grain samples as roasted beans, for the content soluble solids, electrical conductivity, leaching potassium and chlorogenic acid. Differences were found regarding the physicochemical properties between treatments for pH, titratable acidity and sugars. The content of phenolic compounds, trigonelline and caffeine were the physicochemical properties that best discriminated the two species of coffee. The physicochemical properties of the coffee are dependent on the roasting. There was a decrease in soluble solids, pH, sugars, phenolic compounds, chlorogenic acid and trigonelline, after roasting,while the titratable acidity increased and caffeine remained stable. Through the Pearson correlation test, significant correlations were observed between the physicochemical properties with sensory note. Positive correlations were observed for moisture and acidity of roasted coffee, whereas negative correlations were observed for soluble solids and pH of roasted coffee, electrical conductivity and potassium leaching in raw coffee.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo.
Palavras-chave
Café arábica, Café conilon, Qualidade do café, Classificação sensorial de café, Torrefação
Citação
AGNOLETTI, B. Z. Avaliação das propriedades físico-químicas de café arábica (Coffea arabica) e conilon (Coffea canephora) classificados quanto à qualidade da bebida. 2015. 110 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos) - Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre. 2015.