Dinâmica microbiana e aspectos físicos e químicos de café conilon (Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner) cultivado em diferentes ambientes e processado por via natural
Data
2018-07-31
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Microrganismos estão presentes nas diferentes etapas do processamento do café e contribuem para a qualidade final da bebida. A microbiota do café pode variar de acordo com mudanças geográficas, variedade cultivada e altitude do local de cultivo. O conhecimento sobre essa microbiota é importante especialmente quando se deseja aplicar culturas starters durante o processo de secagem a fim de melhorar a qualidade da bebida. Com esse trabalho se objetivou avaliar a diversidade microbiana presente nos cafés conilon cultivados em diferentes altitudes e faces de exposição ao sol e processados por via natural, a fim de estudar a relação desses fatores sobre a microbiota presente e o impacto destas nas características físico- químicas dos grãos. Foram utilizados cafés conilon de duas altitudes (300 e 600 m) e duas faces de exposição ao sol (Soalheira e Noruega). Os cafés foram secos em terreiro suspenso até 18% b.u de umidade e amostras foram coletadas durante a fermentação/secagem. Após esse período foram transferidos para um secador artificial à 45 °C até umidade de 11% b.u. Acidez, pH, sólidos solúveis, cinzas, fenólicos, proteína, lipídeos, carboidratos, fibra e umidade foram determinados nos fruto de café. Durante a fermentação microrganismos foram isolados e identificados por Ionização por Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz – Tempo de vôo (MALDI- TOF) e sequenciamento. Açúcares e ácidos orgânicos foram identificados e quantificados por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Performace (HPLC). No café torrado foram identificados compostos voláteis por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massa (GC-MS). A interação entre altitude e face de exposição ao sol influenciou nas variáveis pH, sólidos solúveis, cinzas e fenólicos dos frutos de café. O mesmo comportamento não foi observado para o conteúdo de lipídeos, proteína, carboidratos, fibra e umidade. Os principais gêneros de microrganismos encontrados foram Pichia, Candida, Meyerozyma, Bacillus e Staphylococcus. Ácido acético e succínico foram identificados durante o processo de fermentação. Aconcentração de sacarose, frutose e glicose variou, entre amostras, ao longo da fermentação. Quarenta compostos voláteis foram identificados nos cafés torrados, havendo diferença entre os compostos em relação à altitude e face de exposição ao sol. A avalição da microbiota presente em cafés conilon provenientes de diferentes altitudes e faces de exposição ao sol é importante para o conhecimento das espécies microbianas presentes durante o processamento natural no Brasil, uma vez que esses estudos são escassos na literatura científica.
Microorganisms are present in the different stages of coffee processing and contribute to the final quality of the beverage. The coffee microbiota may vary according to geographic changes, cultivated variety and altitude of the growing site. Knowledge about this microbiota is important especially when starter cultures are to be applied during the drying process in order to improve the quality of the beverage. The aim of this work was to evaluate the microbial diversity present in natural conilon coffee grown at different altitudes and shade, in order to study the relationship of these factors on the present microbiota and their impact on the physical and chemical characteristics of grains. Conilon coffee of two altitudes (300 and 600 m) and two shade (Sunny and Norway) were used . The coffees were dried in suspented plataforme up to 18% moisture and were collected during a fermentation/drying. For the period were transferred to an artificial effect at 45 °C until moisture of 11%. Acidity, pH, soluble solids, ash, phenolics, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, fiber and moisture were required in coffee fruits. During fermentation by microorganisms were identified by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Flight Time (MALDI-TOF) and sequencing. Sugars and organics acid were found and quantified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). In the roasted coffee, volatile compounds were identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). An interaction between altitude and face exposure to the sun influenced pH, solubility, ash and phenolic variables of coffee fruits. The same context was not observed for the content of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, fiber and moisture. The main genera of microorganisms were Pichia, Candida, Meyerozyma, Bacillus and Staphylococcus. Acetic acid and succinic acid during the fermentation process. A concentration of sucrose, fructose and glucose varied between samples throughout the fermentation. Composed of half a dozen toasts, having the same effect in relationto the altitude and face of sun exposure. The evaluation of the microbiota present in conilon coffees allows different heights and faces of exposure to the sun is important for the knowledge of microbial species present during natural processing in Brazil, since these studies are scarce in the scientific literature.
Microorganisms are present in the different stages of coffee processing and contribute to the final quality of the beverage. The coffee microbiota may vary according to geographic changes, cultivated variety and altitude of the growing site. Knowledge about this microbiota is important especially when starter cultures are to be applied during the drying process in order to improve the quality of the beverage. The aim of this work was to evaluate the microbial diversity present in natural conilon coffee grown at different altitudes and shade, in order to study the relationship of these factors on the present microbiota and their impact on the physical and chemical characteristics of grains. Conilon coffee of two altitudes (300 and 600 m) and two shade (Sunny and Norway) were used . The coffees were dried in suspented plataforme up to 18% moisture and were collected during a fermentation/drying. For the period were transferred to an artificial effect at 45 °C until moisture of 11%. Acidity, pH, soluble solids, ash, phenolics, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, fiber and moisture were required in coffee fruits. During fermentation by microorganisms were identified by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Flight Time (MALDI-TOF) and sequencing. Sugars and organics acid were found and quantified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). In the roasted coffee, volatile compounds were identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). An interaction between altitude and face exposure to the sun influenced pH, solubility, ash and phenolic variables of coffee fruits. The same context was not observed for the content of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, fiber and moisture. The main genera of microorganisms were Pichia, Candida, Meyerozyma, Bacillus and Staphylococcus. Acetic acid and succinic acid during the fermentation process. A concentration of sucrose, fructose and glucose varied between samples throughout the fermentation. Composed of half a dozen toasts, having the same effect in relationto the altitude and face of sun exposure. The evaluation of the microbiota present in conilon coffees allows different heights and faces of exposure to the sun is important for the knowledge of microbial species present during natural processing in Brazil, since these studies are scarce in the scientific literature.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo.
Palavras-chave
Café conilon, Cultivo, Qualidade, Fermentação
Citação
PEREIRA, P. V. Dinâmica microbiana e aspectos físicos e químicos de café conilon (Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner) cultivado em diferentes ambientes e processado por via natural. 2018. 83 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos) - Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre. 2018.