Tolerância ao alagamento em clones de Coffea canephora: respostas hídricas, fotossintéticas e metabólicas
Data
2019-05-31
Autores
Juarez, Marco Antonio Toral
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
O alagamento do solo impacta negativamente o desempenho da planta devido à redução da disponibilidade de oxigênio na raiz e acúmulo de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO). Nesta pesquisa, avaliou-se a relação entre a tolerância ao alagamento e a expressão do sistema antioxidante em dois clones (120 e 109A) de Coffea canephora caracterizados, respectivamente, como tolerante (com sistema antioxidante mais robusto) e sensível (com sistema antioxidante menos robusto) à seca. A hipótese basou-se no fato de que clones mais tolerantes à seca, que apresentam um sistema antioxidante mais eficiente, também mostrariam maior tolerância ao alagamento. Os clones foram submetidos a dois tratamentos de irrigação (controle e alagado), por seis dias, seguidos de 40 dias de recuperação. Foram avaliados: potencial hídrico, condutância hidráulica, trocas gasosas, fluorescência da clorofila a, partição de carboidratos, concentração de ácido 1- aminociclopropano-1-carboxílico (ACC) e alguns fitormônios, dano oxidativo e sobrevivência. Em resposta ao alagamento, a atividade antioxidante nas raízes dos clones envolveu incrementos na atividade da dismutase do superóxido e da peroxidase do ascorbato (APX). Entretanto, foi observado apenas aumento de APX foliar do clone 120. O alagamento ocasionou diminuição de absorção de água radicular com perda de 70% na condutância hidráulica em ambos os clones, reduções nas suas taxas de fotossíntese líquida (A) e condutância estomática, esgotamento de açúcares e altas concentrações de ACC e etileno em raízes. Entretanto, no clone 120, houve uma queda mais tênue de A ao longo da imposição do estresse, menor afetação por déficit hídrico, menor alteração no fluxo de elétrons, dissipação eficiente de excesso de energia por meio de processos não fotoquímicos e acúmulo tardio de ACC em raízes. As diferenças entre clones foram maiores na fase de recuperação, sendo as plantas do clone 109A as mais afetadas em danos à maquinaria fotossintética, menor taxa de transporte de elétrons, maior dano oxidativo acompanhado de redução de área foliar, e menor taxa de sobrevivência. Contudo, houve pouca diferença na capacidade antioxidante entre os dois clones, sugerindo que o melhor desempenho do clone 120, durante o alagamento, possivelmente não esteja associado com o metabolismo antioxidante; outras estratégias, portanto, devem estar envolvidas na diminuição do dano oxidativo e no retardo na queda de A, bem como maior dissipação de excesso de energia, na fase de alagamento.
Soil flooding negatively impacts plant performance due to reduced oxygen availability in the root and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this research, the relationship between flood tolerance and antioxidant system expression was evaluated in two Coffea canephora clones (120 and 109A) characterized, respectively, as tolerant (antioxidant system more robust) and sensitive to drought (antioxidant system less robust). The hypothesis was based on the fact that more drought-tolerant clones, which present a more efficient antioxidant system, would also show greater tolerance to flooding. Futhermore, The clones were submitted to two irrigation treatments (control and flooding) for six days, followed by 40 days of recovery. The hydric potential, hydraulic conductance, gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, carbohydrate partition, concentration of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and some phytohormones, oxidative damage and survival were evaluated. In response to flooding, the antioxidant activity at the roots of the clones involved increases in the activity of ascorbate superoxide dismutase and peroxidase (APX), only APX showed increase of activity on 120 clone leaves. The flooding caused a decrease in root water absorption with a loss of 70% in hydraulic conductance in both clones, reductions in their rates of liquid photosynthesis (A) and stomatal conductance, depletion of sugars and high concentrations of ACC and ethylene in roots. Nevertheless, in clone 120, there was a faint drop in A along the stress imposition, less response due to water deficit, lower change in the electron flow, efficient dissipation of excess energy through non-photochemical processes and late accumulation of ACC in roots. The differences between clones were higher in the recovery phase, with clone 109A plants being the most affected in photosynthetic machinery damage, lower electron transport rate, greater oxidative damage accompanied by reduction leaf area, and lower survival rate. However, there was little difference in antioxidant capacity between the two clones, suggesting that the best performance of clone 120 during flooding is possibly not associated with antioxidant metabolism. Other strategies, therefore, should be involved in the reduction of oxidative damage and the delay in the decrease of A, as well as greater dissipation of excess energy in the flooding phase.
Soil flooding negatively impacts plant performance due to reduced oxygen availability in the root and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this research, the relationship between flood tolerance and antioxidant system expression was evaluated in two Coffea canephora clones (120 and 109A) characterized, respectively, as tolerant (antioxidant system more robust) and sensitive to drought (antioxidant system less robust). The hypothesis was based on the fact that more drought-tolerant clones, which present a more efficient antioxidant system, would also show greater tolerance to flooding. Futhermore, The clones were submitted to two irrigation treatments (control and flooding) for six days, followed by 40 days of recovery. The hydric potential, hydraulic conductance, gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, carbohydrate partition, concentration of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and some phytohormones, oxidative damage and survival were evaluated. In response to flooding, the antioxidant activity at the roots of the clones involved increases in the activity of ascorbate superoxide dismutase and peroxidase (APX), only APX showed increase of activity on 120 clone leaves. The flooding caused a decrease in root water absorption with a loss of 70% in hydraulic conductance in both clones, reductions in their rates of liquid photosynthesis (A) and stomatal conductance, depletion of sugars and high concentrations of ACC and ethylene in roots. Nevertheless, in clone 120, there was a faint drop in A along the stress imposition, less response due to water deficit, lower change in the electron flow, efficient dissipation of excess energy through non-photochemical processes and late accumulation of ACC in roots. The differences between clones were higher in the recovery phase, with clone 109A plants being the most affected in photosynthetic machinery damage, lower electron transport rate, greater oxidative damage accompanied by reduction leaf area, and lower survival rate. However, there was little difference in antioxidant capacity between the two clones, suggesting that the best performance of clone 120 during flooding is possibly not associated with antioxidant metabolism. Other strategies, therefore, should be involved in the reduction of oxidative damage and the delay in the decrease of A, as well as greater dissipation of excess energy in the flooding phase.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
Palavras-chave
Metabolismo, Antioxidantes, Oxidação, Etileno, Stress, Fisiologia, Fotossíntese
Citação
JUÁREZ, M. A. T. Tolerância ao alagamento em clones de Coffea canephora: respostas hídricas, fotossintéticas e metabólicas. 2019. 55 f. Tese (Doutorado em Fisiologia Vegetal) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa-MG. 2019.