A ADUBAÇÃO SILICATADA AMENIZA OS EFEITOS DO DÉFICIT HÍDRICO NAS TROCAS GASOSAS DE CAFEEIROS JOVENS
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Data
2009
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Resumo
O silício tem um papel importante nas respostas de espécies cultivadas a estresses ambientais, tal como o imposto pelo déficit hídrico. O objetivo desse trabalho foi testar a hipótese de que cafeeiros submetidos à adubação silicatada apresentariam menor restrição das trocas gasosas em condição de déficit hídrico, o que ocasionaria maior fotossíntese em condição ambiental limitante. Cafeeiros cv. Catuaí Vermelho com seis meses de idade foram submetidos a concentrações crescentes de silicato de cálcio no solo: 0; 750; 1500; 3000; e 6000 kg ha-1. O experimento foi conduzido com plantas em vasos e sob condição de casa-de-vegetação. Após 180 dias, metade das plantas foi submetida à suspensão da irrigação, sendo realizadas avaliações de trocas gasosas foliares, potencial de água na folha e medidas morfológicas das plantas. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados em esquema de parcelas sub-subdivididas, com três ou quatro repetições. As plantas submetidas à adubação silicatada apresentaram menor restrição da fotossíntese em condição de déficit hídrico, sendo esse fato ocasionado pela manutenção dos estômatos menos fechados e pela manutenção da eficiência instantânea de carboxilação. Sob déficit hídrico, a menor restrição estomática causou maior transpiração quando comparadas plantas controle com as crescidas sob disponibilidade de silicato de cálcio. A maior transpiração das plantas adubadas com silicato de cálcio causou menor potencial da água na folha no dia de máximo déficit hídrico (15o dia de suspensão da rega). Em geral, quanto maior a disponibilidade de Si no solo menor é o efeito do déficit hídrico na fotossíntese e na transpiração das plantas de cafeeiro.
The silicon has an important role in crop response to environmental stresses, as that one imposed by water shortage. The aim of this work was to test the hypothesis that coffee plants subjected to silicate fertilization are less affected by water deficit, showing lower restriction of leaf gas exchange and leading to higher photosynthesis under this constraining condition. Coffee plants cv. Catuaí Vermelho around 6-months old were subjected to increasing concentration of calcium silicate in soil: 0; 750; 1500; 3000; and 6000 kg ha-1. The experiment was carried out with potted-plants grown under greenhouse conditions. After 180 days, a group of plants was subjected to water withholding, being evaluations of leaf gas exchange, leaf water potential and morphological traits taken throughout the experimental period. The experimental design was in random blocks in a split-split plot scheme, with three or four replications. Coffee plants subjected to silicate fertilization showed lesser impairment of photosynthesis under water deficit, being this response related to the maintenance of stomatal aperture and to the maintenance of instantaneous carboxylation efficiency. Under water deficit, the lesser stomatal closure caused higher transpiration when comparing control plants and plants grown under calcium silicate availability. This higher transpiration induced reduction of leaf water potential at the day of maximum water deficit (15th day of water withholding). In general, as higher Si availability in soil is lower will be the effects of water deficit on photosynthesis and transpiration of coffee plants.
The silicon has an important role in crop response to environmental stresses, as that one imposed by water shortage. The aim of this work was to test the hypothesis that coffee plants subjected to silicate fertilization are less affected by water deficit, showing lower restriction of leaf gas exchange and leading to higher photosynthesis under this constraining condition. Coffee plants cv. Catuaí Vermelho around 6-months old were subjected to increasing concentration of calcium silicate in soil: 0; 750; 1500; 3000; and 6000 kg ha-1. The experiment was carried out with potted-plants grown under greenhouse conditions. After 180 days, a group of plants was subjected to water withholding, being evaluations of leaf gas exchange, leaf water potential and morphological traits taken throughout the experimental period. The experimental design was in random blocks in a split-split plot scheme, with three or four replications. Coffee plants subjected to silicate fertilization showed lesser impairment of photosynthesis under water deficit, being this response related to the maintenance of stomatal aperture and to the maintenance of instantaneous carboxylation efficiency. Under water deficit, the lesser stomatal closure caused higher transpiration when comparing control plants and plants grown under calcium silicate availability. This higher transpiration induced reduction of leaf water potential at the day of maximum water deficit (15th day of water withholding). In general, as higher Si availability in soil is lower will be the effects of water deficit on photosynthesis and transpiration of coffee plants.
Descrição
Trabalho apresentado no Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (6. : 2009 : Vitória, ES). Anais Brasília, D.F: Embrapa - Café, 2011
Palavras-chave
Coffea arabica, fotossíntese, silício, Coffea arabica, photosynthesis, silicon
Citação
Ribeiro, Rafael Vasconcelos; Ramos, Rômulo Augusto; Silva, Leandro da; Pereira, Sérgio Parreiras; Zambrosi, Fernando César Bachiega; Andrade, Cristiano Alberto de. A adubação silicatada ameniza os efeitos do déficit hídrico nas trocas gasosas de cafeeiros jovens. In: Simpósio de Pesquisa dos cafés do Brasil (6. : 2009 : Vitória, ES). Anais Brasília, D.F: Embrapa - Café, 2011 (1 CD-ROM), 6p.