Efeito do fluxo de água, estímulo vegetal e volume de poros do solo na mobilidade de Pratylenchus coffeae
Data
2016
Autores
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Editor
Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
Resumo
Os fitonematoides estão entre os principais agentes causadores de doenças e danos às culturas cujo controle, na maioria dos casos, representa um processo difícil e contínuo. Uma das dificuldades é o modo como esses organismos estão disseminados na área, o que torna de amplo interesse estudos que simulem o movimento dos nematoides no solo, já que o transporte desses organismos é fortemente influenciado pelo movimento da água. No presente estudo foi avaliada a influência do fluxo de água (5 ml min -1 ), do volume de poros do solo (VP) e de iscas constituídas por raízes picotadas de cravo de defunto (Tagetes patula) e cascas de inhame da costa (Dioscorea cayennensis) na mobilidade do nematoide das lesões radiculares (Pratylenchus coffeae) em colunas de solo deformado. A mobilidade de juvenis e adultos de P. coffeae foi monitorada em colunas confeccionadas em resina acrílica, preenchidas com areia lavada e com uma das extremidades exposta às iscas. Cinco dias após a infestação do solo nas colunas sem fluxo de água, a mobilidade de P. coffeae foi afetada significativamente pelas variáveis estudadas. Nas colunas com fluxo de água a mobilidade e direção do nematoide foi significativamente (P<0,01) afetada pelo tipo de isca e VP do solo. A taxa de lixiviação dos nematoides tendeu a aumentar gradualmente a partir de 1,4 VP. De modo geral, a maioria dos nematoides foram lixiviados pelo fluxo de água para a extremidade de saída da coluna (sentido negativo), embora colunas com iscas de raízes de T. patula tenham lixiviado mais nematoides. Por outro lado, na presença de cascas de inhame, alguns nematoides conseguiram resistir ao fluxo permanecendo no ponto de entrada de água e na seção onde estavam as cascas.
The plant-parasitic nematodes are among of the main plant diseases inducers causing serious damage to the crops. The control of these parasites is a challenging and complex task. Because the distribution approach of nematodes in field and the high influence of water movement on parasite transport in soil, researches simulating the nematode movement in soil have been strongly encouraged. In this study the effect on the lesion nematode Pratylenchus coffeae movement of water flux (5 ml min -1 ), soil pore volume (PV) and baits of Tagetes patula root pieces and yam (Dioscorea cayennensis) root barks was evaluated in deformed soil columns. The juveniles and adults mobility was monitored in acrylic resin columns, filled with washed sand, with one of the extremity exposed to one of the baits. In soil with no water flux P. coffeae mobility was affected by any variable five days after nematode infestation, in soil with water flux nematode mobility and direction was significantly (P<0.01) affected by the bait and soil PV. The nematode leaching gradually increased from 1.4 PV. In general, most nematodes were leached to the extremity opposite to the bait through the water flux (negative way), despite columns with T. patula root pieces presented higher nematode leaching. In contrast, in columns with yam root barks some of the nematodes endure to the water flux remaining in the water injection site close to the root barks.
The plant-parasitic nematodes are among of the main plant diseases inducers causing serious damage to the crops. The control of these parasites is a challenging and complex task. Because the distribution approach of nematodes in field and the high influence of water movement on parasite transport in soil, researches simulating the nematode movement in soil have been strongly encouraged. In this study the effect on the lesion nematode Pratylenchus coffeae movement of water flux (5 ml min -1 ), soil pore volume (PV) and baits of Tagetes patula root pieces and yam (Dioscorea cayennensis) root barks was evaluated in deformed soil columns. The juveniles and adults mobility was monitored in acrylic resin columns, filled with washed sand, with one of the extremity exposed to one of the baits. In soil with no water flux P. coffeae mobility was affected by any variable five days after nematode infestation, in soil with water flux nematode mobility and direction was significantly (P<0.01) affected by the bait and soil PV. The nematode leaching gradually increased from 1.4 PV. In general, most nematodes were leached to the extremity opposite to the bait through the water flux (negative way), despite columns with T. patula root pieces presented higher nematode leaching. In contrast, in columns with yam root barks some of the nematodes endure to the water flux remaining in the water injection site close to the root barks.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco.
Palavras-chave
Coluna de solo, Dioscorea cayennensis, Nematoide das lesões radiculares
Citação
FRANCILINO, A. H. Efeito do fluxo de água, estímulo vegetal e volume de poros do solo na mobilidade de Pratylenchus coffeae. 2016. 42 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Agrícola) - Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife. 2016.