Estudos genéticos em populações de Coffea canephora e Manihot esculenta
Data
2017-02-17
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Conhecer a variabilidade genética de uma população, manifestada por meio de caracteres morfológicos e agronômicos, é essencial para orientar sua conservação e manejo, além de aumentar a eficiência dos programas de melhoramento genético. Após a caracterização dos acessos, o estudo da variabilidade genética pode ser realizado por meio de análises multivariadas, que se baseiam nas diferenças entre os materiais, integrando simultaneamente múltiplas informações do conjunto de caracteres. Dessa forma, considerando também a importância socioeconômica dos cultivos de Coffea canephora e Manihot esculenta, o objetivo geral foi realizar estudos genéticos em populações de ambas as espécies. Para isso, dois trabalhos foram desenvolvidos. O primeiro, intitulado “Divergência e parâmetros genéticos entre genótipos de Coffea canephora”, teve como objetivo estimar os parâmetros genéticos, e estudar a divergência genética em uma população de C. canephora, utilizando procedimentos estatísticos uni e multivariados, aplicados sobre um conjunto de características morfoagronômicas (altura e diâmetro da planta; comprimento do entre-nós dos ramos ortotrópico e plagiotrópico; peso, volume e densidade de fruto maduro; rendimento; produtividade; índice de clorofila; comprimento, largura e área foliar; massa seca e massa seca específica de folha). E o segundo, intitulado “Caracterização agronômica e divergência genética entre genótipos de Manihot esculenta cultivados no Espírito Santo”, teve como objetivo realizar a caracterização morfoagronômica e estudar a divergência genética entre 12 genótipos de M. esculenta, por meio de procedimentos estatísticos uni e multivariados, aplicados sobre um conjunto de características morfoagronômicas (número de raízes tuberosas por planta; peso médio das raízes tuberosas; produtividade; peso total da planta; índice de colheita; altura da planta; altura da primeira ramificação; número de brotações; diâmetro do caule; número de gemas; peso médio de folha; comprimento do pecíolo). Os dois experimentos foram conduzidos no município de Vila Valério - ES, onde os genótipos foram dispostos no delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Foram detectadas diferenças significativas pelo teste F a 1% ou 5% de probabilidade entre vii os genótipos para as características avaliadas, em ambos os experimentos, evidenciando a heterogeneidade na constituição genética das populações estudadas, o que é favorável ao melhoramento, pois indica a possibilidade de discriminar indivíduos superiores e promissores. Para a população de C. canephora, verificou-se: a variância fenotípica da maioria das características analisadas deveuse predominantemente a causas genéticas; com base na distância generalizada de Mahalanobis, as combinações mais divergentes foram obtidas entre os genótipos 23 e 10 (256,43) e entre 23 e 17 (250,09); os agrupamentos formados pelos métodos de otimização de Tocher e hierárquico UPGMA foram concordantes, agrupando os genótipos em três grupos similarmente; entre as características analisadas, o peso do fruto maduro (19,08%) e a produtividade (15,50%) foram as mais eficientes em explicar a dissimilaridade entre os genótipos. E para os materiais genéticos de M. esculenta, verificou-se: os genótipos 3 (Camuquem) e 11 (Goiás) foram os mais produtivos; as maiores distâncias genéticas foram obtidas entre os genótipos 10 e 12 (222,37) e entre 1 e 12 (208,63); tanto o método de otimização quanto o hierárquico, ordenaram os genótipos em quatro grupos, similarmente; o comprimento do pecíolo (22,86%) e a produtividade (19,20%) foram as características mais eficientes em explicar a dissimilaridade entre os genótipos.
Know the genetic variability of a population, manifested through morphological and agronomic characters, is essential to guide its conservation and management, in addition to increasing the efficiency of breeding programs. After the characterization of the accessions, the study of genetic variability can be accomplished through of multivariate analyzes that are based on the differences between the materials, simultaneously integrating multiple information from the character set. In this way, also considering the socioeconomic importance of Coffea canephora and Manihot esculenta, the general objective was to carry out genetic studies in populations of both species. For this, two works were developed. The first, entitled "Divergence and genetic parameters among Coffea canephora genotypes", had as objective estimate the genetic parameters and to study genetic divergence in a population of C. canephora, using uni and multivariate statistical procedures, applied on a set of morphoagronomics characteristics (height and diameter of the plant; length between us of the orthotropic and plagiotropic branches; weight, volume and density of mature fruit; yield; productivity; chlorophyll index; length, width and leaf area; dry mass and specific dry mass of leaf). And the second, entitled "Agronomic characterization and genetic divergence among Manihot esculenta genotypes grown in Espírito Santo, had as objective was to perform the morpho-agronomic characterization and to study a genetic divergence among 12 genotypes of M. esculenta, using uni and multivariate statistical procedures, applied on a set of morphoagronomics characteristics (number of tuberous roots per plant; average weight of tuberous roots; productivity; total plant weight; harvest index; plant height; height of the first branch; number of shoots; stem diameter; number of buds; average sheet weight; petiole length). The two experiments were conducted in the municipality of Vila Valério - ES, where the genotypes were arranged in the experimental design of randomized blocks, with four replicates. Significant differences were detected by the F test at 1% or 5% probability among the genotypes for characteristics evaluated, evidencing the heterogeneity in the genetic constitution of the studied populations, which is favorable to breeding, because it indicates the possibility of discriminating superior ix and promising individuals. For the population of C. canephora, it was verified: was verified that the phenotypic variance of most of the characteristics analyzed was predominantly due to genetic causes; based on the generalized distance of Mahalanobis, the most divergent combinations were obtained between genotypes 23 and 10 (256.43) and between 23 and 17 (250.09); the groupings by methods of optimization Tocher and hierarchical UPGMA were concordant, grouping the genotypes into three groups, similarly. Among the analyzed characteristics, the weight of the mature fruit (19.08%) and the productivity (15.50%) were the most efficient in explaining the dissimilarity among genotypes. And for the genetic materials of M. esculenta, it was verified: the genotypes 3 (Camuquem) and 11 (Goiás) were the most productive; the greatest genetic distances were obtained between genotypes 10 and 12 (222.37) and between 1 and 12 (208.63); both the method of optimization as the hierarchical, ordered the genotypes in four groups, similarly; the petiole length (22.86%) and the produtivity (19.20%) were the most efficient in explaining the dissimilarity among genotypes.
Know the genetic variability of a population, manifested through morphological and agronomic characters, is essential to guide its conservation and management, in addition to increasing the efficiency of breeding programs. After the characterization of the accessions, the study of genetic variability can be accomplished through of multivariate analyzes that are based on the differences between the materials, simultaneously integrating multiple information from the character set. In this way, also considering the socioeconomic importance of Coffea canephora and Manihot esculenta, the general objective was to carry out genetic studies in populations of both species. For this, two works were developed. The first, entitled "Divergence and genetic parameters among Coffea canephora genotypes", had as objective estimate the genetic parameters and to study genetic divergence in a population of C. canephora, using uni and multivariate statistical procedures, applied on a set of morphoagronomics characteristics (height and diameter of the plant; length between us of the orthotropic and plagiotropic branches; weight, volume and density of mature fruit; yield; productivity; chlorophyll index; length, width and leaf area; dry mass and specific dry mass of leaf). And the second, entitled "Agronomic characterization and genetic divergence among Manihot esculenta genotypes grown in Espírito Santo, had as objective was to perform the morpho-agronomic characterization and to study a genetic divergence among 12 genotypes of M. esculenta, using uni and multivariate statistical procedures, applied on a set of morphoagronomics characteristics (number of tuberous roots per plant; average weight of tuberous roots; productivity; total plant weight; harvest index; plant height; height of the first branch; number of shoots; stem diameter; number of buds; average sheet weight; petiole length). The two experiments were conducted in the municipality of Vila Valério - ES, where the genotypes were arranged in the experimental design of randomized blocks, with four replicates. Significant differences were detected by the F test at 1% or 5% probability among the genotypes for characteristics evaluated, evidencing the heterogeneity in the genetic constitution of the studied populations, which is favorable to breeding, because it indicates the possibility of discriminating superior ix and promising individuals. For the population of C. canephora, it was verified: was verified that the phenotypic variance of most of the characteristics analyzed was predominantly due to genetic causes; based on the generalized distance of Mahalanobis, the most divergent combinations were obtained between genotypes 23 and 10 (256.43) and between 23 and 17 (250.09); the groupings by methods of optimization Tocher and hierarchical UPGMA were concordant, grouping the genotypes into three groups, similarly. Among the analyzed characteristics, the weight of the mature fruit (19.08%) and the productivity (15.50%) were the most efficient in explaining the dissimilarity among genotypes. And for the genetic materials of M. esculenta, it was verified: the genotypes 3 (Camuquem) and 11 (Goiás) were the most productive; the greatest genetic distances were obtained between genotypes 10 and 12 (222.37) and between 1 and 12 (208.63); both the method of optimization as the hierarchical, ordered the genotypes in four groups, similarly; the petiole length (22.86%) and the produtivity (19.20%) were the most efficient in explaining the dissimilarity among genotypes.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo.
Palavras-chave
Café Conilon, mandioca, melhoramento de plantas, divergência genética, parâmetros genéticos, análise multivariada, Conilon coffee, cassava, plant breeding, genetic divergence, genetic parameters, multivariate analysis
Citação
GILES, João Antonio Dutra. Estudos genéticos em populações de Coffea canephora e Manihot esculenta. 2017. 58 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agricultura Tropical) - Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro Universitário Norte do Espirito Santo, São Mateus - ES, 2017.