Métodos de controle de plantas invasoras na cultura do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.) e componentes da acidez do solo
Data
2007-11
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo
Resumo
Em lavouras perenes, como na cultura do cafeeiro, o controle de plantas invasoras tem sido feito por meio de métodos manuais, mecanizados, químicos e associações destes. De modo geral, têm-se avaliado os diferentes métodos sob o ponto de vista de eficiência e de custo no controle das plantas invasoras; no entanto, a influência deles sobre as condições químicas do solo, praticamente, não tem sido estudada, principalmente a longo prazo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes métodos de controle de plantas invasoras na cultura do cafeeiro sobre os componentes da acidez de um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico da região de São Sebastião do Paraíso, MG. Sete tratamentos de controle de plantas invasoras foram avaliados: roçadora (RÇ), grade (GR), enxada rotativa (RT), herbicida de pós-emergência (HC), herbicida de pré-emergência (HR), capina manual (CM) e testemunha sem capina (SC), dispostos em blocos casualizados com três repetições. Amostras de solo, em cada tratamento, foram coletadas a cada dois anos, a partir de 1980, nas camadas de 0–0,15 e 0,15–0,30 m, para avaliação de pH, Al 3+ , acidez potencial (H + Al) e saturação por Al 3+ (m). O sistema HR aumentou o teor e a saturação por Al 3+ e a acidez potencial e diminuiu o pH, quando comparado com os demais métodos de controle de plantas invasoras, principalmente com a testemunha (SC). O tratamento SC mostrou efeito contrário ao do HR, aumentando os valores de pH e diminuindo o teor de Al 3+ e a saturação por Al 3+ , em ambas as camadas de solo. O RÇ foi o tratamento que mais se aproximou do SC, e os demais tratamentos, no geral, não apresentaram comportamento diferenciado.
In perennial agriculture, such as coffee plantation, weeds are controlled by hand, mechanized, and chemical weeding and their combinations. Methods that differ in terms of efficiency and costs have been evaluated; however, the influence of these methods on the soil chemical conditions has not been studied, particularly in the long term. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different weed control methods on soil acidity components of a coffee plantation on a dystroferric Red Latosol in an experiment installed at EPAMIG Experimental Station, in São Sebastião do Paraíso, MG, Brazil. Seven weed control treatments were evaluated: mower (MW), coffee tandem disk harrow (TD), rotary tiller (RT), post (CH) and pre-emergency herbicide (RH) application, hand hoe (HH) and no weed control (NC). The treatments were evaluated in a randomized block design with three repetitions. Soil samples were collected every two years, for each treatment, starting in 1980, in the 0–0.15 to 0.15–0.30 m soil layers and assessed for pH, Al 3+ (mmol c dm -3 ), effective acidity (H + Al) (mmol c dm -3 ), and Al 3+ saturation (%). The HR system increased Al 3+ content and saturation and the effective acidity and reduced the pH, compared to the other weed control methods, especially the control (NC). Contrarily to the RH, the NC treatment resulted in higher pH values, Al 3+ content and Al 3+ saturation in both soil layers. The MW treatment was closest to the SC treatment, while the other weed control systems did not differ significantly.
In perennial agriculture, such as coffee plantation, weeds are controlled by hand, mechanized, and chemical weeding and their combinations. Methods that differ in terms of efficiency and costs have been evaluated; however, the influence of these methods on the soil chemical conditions has not been studied, particularly in the long term. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different weed control methods on soil acidity components of a coffee plantation on a dystroferric Red Latosol in an experiment installed at EPAMIG Experimental Station, in São Sebastião do Paraíso, MG, Brazil. Seven weed control treatments were evaluated: mower (MW), coffee tandem disk harrow (TD), rotary tiller (RT), post (CH) and pre-emergency herbicide (RH) application, hand hoe (HH) and no weed control (NC). The treatments were evaluated in a randomized block design with three repetitions. Soil samples were collected every two years, for each treatment, starting in 1980, in the 0–0.15 to 0.15–0.30 m soil layers and assessed for pH, Al 3+ (mmol c dm -3 ), effective acidity (H + Al) (mmol c dm -3 ), and Al 3+ saturation (%). The HR system increased Al 3+ content and saturation and the effective acidity and reduced the pH, compared to the other weed control methods, especially the control (NC). Contrarily to the RH, the NC treatment resulted in higher pH values, Al 3+ content and Al 3+ saturation in both soil layers. The MW treatment was closest to the SC treatment, while the other weed control systems did not differ significantly.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Manejo de invasoras, Qualidade química do solo
Citação
ALCÂNTARA, E. N.; NÓBREGA, J. C. A.; FERREIRA, M. M. Métodos de controle de plantas invasoras na cultura do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.) e componentes da acidez do solo. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, Viçosa, v. 31, n. 6, p. 1525-1533, 2007.