Plasticidade anatômica e fisiológica de folhas de Coffea arabica L. em resposta à irradiância
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Data
2008
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Examinaram-se parâmetros morfológicos, fisiológicos e bioquímicos, em folhas do cafeeiro submetidas a diferentes níveis de irradiância (folhas que interceptaram, em média, ao longo do dia, 30, 75, 300 e 750 µmol fótons m-2 s-1, correspondendo aos tratamentos T1, T2, T3 e T4, respectivamente). Morfologicamente, a área foliar unitária e, particularmente, a área foliar específica (AFE), aumentaram nas folhas mais sombreadas. Sob baixa irradiância, as folhas do cafeeiro exibiram parênquimas paliçádico e lacunoso menos desenvolvidos que nas folhas de sol, e maior abundância de espaços intercelulares, resultando em folhas mais finas e menos densas e, portanto, com maior AFE. A taxa de assimilação líquida decresceu com a redução da disponibilidade de luz, de 7,2 para 2,3 µmol (CO2) m-2 s-1, comparando-se as folhas de T4 e T1. A irradiância de compensação foi, em média, 88% maior em T3 e T4 quando comparadas com as de T1 e T2. A redução da concentração de clorofilas, nas folhas de T4 em relação às folhas de T1, deve ter auxiliado na redução da absortância foliar e, reduzido a quantidade total de energia efetivamente absorvida pelos fotossistemas. As folhas de sol apresentaram maior concentração total de xantofilas (violaxantina + anteraxantina + zeaxantina), bem como maiores valores do estado de desepoxidação das xantofilas, indicando uma maior capacidade de dissipação de energia luminosa nestes tratamentos, em relação às folhas de sombra. As variações na taxa máxima de carboxilação limitada pela rubisco, taxa de carboxilação máxima limitada pelo transporte de elétrons e taxa de assimilação líquida de CO2 sob alta concentração de CO2 foram mínimas, ou mesmo inexistentes, entre as folhas dos tratamentos analisados. Os resultados sugerem que o cafeeiro apresenta algumas características morfofisiológicas com plasticidade fenotípica adequada para lhe permitir ajustar-se à disponibilidade de luz. Todavia, a capacidade de aclimatação à irradiância parece ocorrer às expensas de uma alocação ineficiente de recursos, como o nitrogênio.
Morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters were examined in coffee leaves from different canopy positions. Four classes of leaves were chosen based on the mean diurnal intercepted photosynthetically active radiation. These classes (treatments) comprised leaves intercepting 30, 75, 300, 750 mmol photons m-2 s-1, hereafter referred to T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively. Morphologically, the single leaf area, and particularly the specific leaf area (SLA), increased in leaves under deep shade. Compared to sunlit leaves, shade leaves showed less differentiated palisade and spongy parenchyma with greater abundance of intercellular spaces, leading to thinner and less dense leaves with a higher SLA. The net carbon assimilation rate decreased with decreasing light availability, from 7.2 (T4) to 2.3 (T1) mmol (CO2) m-2 s- 1. The compensating irradiance was on average 88% higher in T3 and T4 leaves as compared with T1 and T2 leaves. The smaller chlorophyll concentration in T4 leaves relative to T1 leaves should have led to a lower leaf absorptance and, thus, leading to reduced amount of energy actually absorbed by the photosystems. Sunlit leaves showed greater concentration of xanthophylls (violaxanthin + antheraxanthin + zeaxanthin) and higher values of deepoxidation state of xanthophylls, indicating a greater capacity for energy dissipation in these leaves than in shaded leaves. Changes in maximum rate of carboxylation limited by rubisco, in maximum rate of carboxylation limited by the electron transport and in net assimilation rate of CO2 under elevated CO2 were minimal, if any, amongst the leaves examined here. Results suggest that coffee leaves display some morphophysiological traits with adequate phenotypic plasticity allowing the coffee tree to adjust itself to the light availability. However, the capacity of acclimation to irradiance seems to occur at the expense of an inefficient allocation of resources, such as nitrogen.
Morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters were examined in coffee leaves from different canopy positions. Four classes of leaves were chosen based on the mean diurnal intercepted photosynthetically active radiation. These classes (treatments) comprised leaves intercepting 30, 75, 300, 750 mmol photons m-2 s-1, hereafter referred to T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively. Morphologically, the single leaf area, and particularly the specific leaf area (SLA), increased in leaves under deep shade. Compared to sunlit leaves, shade leaves showed less differentiated palisade and spongy parenchyma with greater abundance of intercellular spaces, leading to thinner and less dense leaves with a higher SLA. The net carbon assimilation rate decreased with decreasing light availability, from 7.2 (T4) to 2.3 (T1) mmol (CO2) m-2 s- 1. The compensating irradiance was on average 88% higher in T3 and T4 leaves as compared with T1 and T2 leaves. The smaller chlorophyll concentration in T4 leaves relative to T1 leaves should have led to a lower leaf absorptance and, thus, leading to reduced amount of energy actually absorbed by the photosystems. Sunlit leaves showed greater concentration of xanthophylls (violaxanthin + antheraxanthin + zeaxanthin) and higher values of deepoxidation state of xanthophylls, indicating a greater capacity for energy dissipation in these leaves than in shaded leaves. Changes in maximum rate of carboxylation limited by rubisco, in maximum rate of carboxylation limited by the electron transport and in net assimilation rate of CO2 under elevated CO2 were minimal, if any, amongst the leaves examined here. Results suggest that coffee leaves display some morphophysiological traits with adequate phenotypic plasticity allowing the coffee tree to adjust itself to the light availability. However, the capacity of acclimation to irradiance seems to occur at the expense of an inefficient allocation of resources, such as nitrogen.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Palavras-chave
Café; Pigmentos; Fisiologia;, Coffee; Pigments; Physiology;
Citação
Matos, Fábio Santos. Plasticidade anatômica e fisiológica de folhas de Coffea arabica L. em resposta à irradiância. Viçosa : UfV, 2008. 33f. : il. (Dissertação - mestrado em Fisiologia Vegetal) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Orientador: Fábio Murilo Da Matta. T 633.73 M433p 2008