Efeito do tipo e época de colheita na qualidade do café (Coffea arabica L.)
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2005
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Resumo
Cafés (Coffea arabica L.) da cultivar Catuaí vermelho foram colhidos na região de Lavras no Estado de Minas Gerais, em sete diferentes épocas, com a primeira colheita sendo realizada em 31/5/1999, espaçando de 14 dias uma época da outra, até a sétima colheita em 25/8/1999. Para cada época, foram colhidos 480 litros de frutos retirados de 250 plantas (café de pano) em um mesmo talhão contendo 1.750 plantas. Foi realizado também o recolhimento dos frutos caídos no chão. Os frutos foram levados para secagem em terreiro de cimento até os grãos atingirem de 11 a 13% de umidade, sendo, em seguida, retiradas 3 amostras para realização das análises. A queda dos frutos da planta aumentou com o retardamento na colheita. No café de pano, com o retardamento na colheita, ocorreu aumento na atividade da polifenoloxidase e diminuição nos teores de fenólicos totais e ácido clorogênico, indicando melhor qualidade. Já o café de varreção, apesar de apresentar valores diferentes, mostrou uma variação semelhante ao café de pano. Comparando-se os constituíntes do café de pano com o café de varreção nas diferentes épocas de colheita, observou-se que o café de pano apresentou maiores teores de compostos fenólicos totais e ácido clorogênico e maior atividade da polifenoloxidase (PFO). A avaliação da qualidade de bebida classificou o café, em quaisquer das épocas de colheita como bebida dura.
Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) of the Catuaí vermelho cultivar were harvested in the region of Lavras in the state of Minas Gerais, in seven different periods. With the first harvest being performed on 31/05/1999, the harvest periods being 14 days apart, up to the seventh harvest which was accompleshed on 25/08/1999. In each period, 480 liters of fruits taken from 250 plants (cloth coffee) in a same planting field, containg 1750 plants, were harvested. The harvest of the fruits follen on the ground (ground coffee) was also accompleshed. These fruits were put to dry on cement flat open terraces until the beans reach a moisture content of 11 to 13%. Soon afterwards, 3 samples were taken for the undertaking of analyses. The drop fruits of the plant with increase in harvest. In the cloth, which increase in the activity of polyphenol oxidase enzyme; and decrease in the contents of total phenolics and chlorogenic acid, showing better quality. As for the coffee collected from the ground, despite presenting different values, showed a variation similar to the "cloth" coffee. Comparing the values of the different constituents in the cloth coffee and the ground coffee of the different periods of harvest, in the cloth coffee higher contents of total phenolics and chlorogenic acid and high activity of polyphenol oxidase. The avaliation of the beverage quality classifiqued the coffee of all periods of harvest as hard beverage.
Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) of the Catuaí vermelho cultivar were harvested in the region of Lavras in the state of Minas Gerais, in seven different periods. With the first harvest being performed on 31/05/1999, the harvest periods being 14 days apart, up to the seventh harvest which was accompleshed on 25/08/1999. In each period, 480 liters of fruits taken from 250 plants (cloth coffee) in a same planting field, containg 1750 plants, were harvested. The harvest of the fruits follen on the ground (ground coffee) was also accompleshed. These fruits were put to dry on cement flat open terraces until the beans reach a moisture content of 11 to 13%. Soon afterwards, 3 samples were taken for the undertaking of analyses. The drop fruits of the plant with increase in harvest. In the cloth, which increase in the activity of polyphenol oxidase enzyme; and decrease in the contents of total phenolics and chlorogenic acid, showing better quality. As for the coffee collected from the ground, despite presenting different values, showed a variation similar to the "cloth" coffee. Comparing the values of the different constituents in the cloth coffee and the ground coffee of the different periods of harvest, in the cloth coffee higher contents of total phenolics and chlorogenic acid and high activity of polyphenol oxidase. The avaliation of the beverage quality classifiqued the coffee of all periods of harvest as hard beverage.
Descrição
Trabalho apresentado no Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (4. : 2005 : Londrina, PR). Anais. Brasília, D.F. : Embrapa Café, 2005.
Palavras-chave
Café Colheita Época Polifenóis Polifenoloxidase, Coffee Harvest period Polyphenols Polyphenoloxidase
Citação
Pimenta, Carlos José; Vilela, Evódio Ribeiro. Efeito do tipo e época de colheita na qualidade do café (Coffea arabica L.). In: Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (4. : Londrina, PR : 2005). Anais. Brasília, D.F. : Embrapa - Café, 2005. (1 CD-ROM), 5p.