Razão de perdas de terra e fator C da cultura do cafeeiro em cinco espaçamentos, em Pindorama (SP)
Data
2005-01
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
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Editor
Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo
Resumo
A literatura brasileira é escassa em dados sobre perdas de terra e água por erosão hídrica em culturas perenes, embora tais dados sejam imprescindíveis ao planejamento conservacionista e estudos de modelagem de erosão. Dados de um experimento de perdas de terra e água sob chuva natural em Pindorama (SP), de julho de 1960 a junho de 1972, foram usados para o cálculo da razão de perdas de terra (RPT) e do fator C da equação universal de perdas de solo, em cinco espaçamentos na cultura do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.). Foram estabelecidas parcelas com espaçamentos de 3,0 x 0,5 m, 3,0 x 1,0 m, 3,0 x 2,0 m, 3,0 x 3,0 m e 4,0 x 2,0 m em um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo eutrófico textura arenosa/média com declividade média de 0,100 m m -1 . O ciclo da cultura foi dividido em dois estádios: do plantio aos 60 meses e dos 60 aos 144 meses. Os resultados mostraram que: (a) as perdas anuais de terra e água para a cultura do cafeeiro foram de 4 Mg ha -1 e 18 mm respectivamente; (b) os valores de RPT para o cafeeiro foram de 0,1346, 0,0883, 0,1015, 0,1422 e 0,1001 Mg ha -1 Mg -1 ha, para os espaçamentos 3,0 x 0,5 m, 3,0 x 1,0 m, 3,0 x 2,0 m, 3,0 x 3,0 m e 4,0 x 2,0 m respectivamente; (c) a magnitude do fator C, para os referidos espaçamentos, foi, respectivamente, de 0,1354, 0,0866, 0,0995, 0,1412 e 0,1004 Mg ha -1 Mg -1 ha; (d) as RPTs e os fatores C variaram amplamente entre os espaçamentos, bem como e, mais expressivamente, entre os estádios da cultura, indicando forte efeito do espaçamento e da cobertura vegetal; (e) o espaçamento 3,0 x 1,0 mostrou-se mais eficiente na redução da erosão hídrica na cultura do cafeeiro.
Brazilian literature lacks data on soil and water loss by water erosion in perennial crops although such data would be essential for conservation planning and erosion modeling studies. Data of soil and water loss under natural rainfall (July 1960 to June 1972) in Pindorama, State of São Paulo, Brazil, were used to calculate the soil loss ratio (SLR) and C factor for the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) planted in five spacings (3.0 x 0.5 m, 3.0 x 1.0 m, 3.0 x 2.0 m, 3.0 x 3.0 m, and 4.0 x 2.0 m). The crop cycle was divided in two stages: from planting to 60 months and from 60 to 144 months, on an Arenic Ultic Orthoxic Tropudalf with an average slope of 0.100 m m -1 . Results showed that: (a) the annual average soil and water losses for coffee plantations are 4 Mg ha -1 and 18 mm respectively; (b) the SLR values for the coffee tree are 0.1346, 0.0883, 0.1015, 0.1422, and 0.1001 Mg ha -1 Mg -1 ha for the spacings 3.0 x 0.5 m, 3.0 x 1.0 m, 3.0 x 2.0 m, 3.0 x 3.0 m, and 4.0 x 2.0 m respectively; (c) the C Factor values for the same spacing are, respectively, 0.1354, 0.0866, 0.0995, 0.1412 and 0.1004 Mg ha -1 Mg -1 ha; (d) the SLRs and C Factor values varied greatly among the spacings as well as among the crop phases, indicating a strong effect of the row spacing and plant cover; (e) the spacing of 3.0 x 1.0 was the most effective to control water erosion in coffee.
Brazilian literature lacks data on soil and water loss by water erosion in perennial crops although such data would be essential for conservation planning and erosion modeling studies. Data of soil and water loss under natural rainfall (July 1960 to June 1972) in Pindorama, State of São Paulo, Brazil, were used to calculate the soil loss ratio (SLR) and C factor for the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) planted in five spacings (3.0 x 0.5 m, 3.0 x 1.0 m, 3.0 x 2.0 m, 3.0 x 3.0 m, and 4.0 x 2.0 m). The crop cycle was divided in two stages: from planting to 60 months and from 60 to 144 months, on an Arenic Ultic Orthoxic Tropudalf with an average slope of 0.100 m m -1 . Results showed that: (a) the annual average soil and water losses for coffee plantations are 4 Mg ha -1 and 18 mm respectively; (b) the SLR values for the coffee tree are 0.1346, 0.0883, 0.1015, 0.1422, and 0.1001 Mg ha -1 Mg -1 ha for the spacings 3.0 x 0.5 m, 3.0 x 1.0 m, 3.0 x 2.0 m, 3.0 x 3.0 m, and 4.0 x 2.0 m respectively; (c) the C Factor values for the same spacing are, respectively, 0.1354, 0.0866, 0.0995, 0.1412 and 0.1004 Mg ha -1 Mg -1 ha; (d) the SLRs and C Factor values varied greatly among the spacings as well as among the crop phases, indicating a strong effect of the row spacing and plant cover; (e) the spacing of 3.0 x 1.0 was the most effective to control water erosion in coffee.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Erosão hídrica, Manejo conservacionista, Equação universal de perdas de solo
Citação
PROCHNOW, D. et al. Razão de perdas de terra e fator C da cultura do cafeeiro em cinco espaçamentos, em Pindorama (SP). Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, Viçosa, v. 29, n. 1, p. 91-98, 2005.