Efeito de diferentes pontos de torração e tipos de granulometria na concentração de ocratoxina “A” em grãos de café
Data
2012-02-24
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Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
A perda de controle ao longo da cadeia produtiva pode causar alterações indesejáveis nas características dos grãos, permitindo a contaminação por fungos filamentosos e toxigênicos. O estudo foi realizado em condições controladas, tendo como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes pontos de torração e tipos de granulometria na concentração de ocratoxina A em grãos de café torrado e moído, para obter uma bebida de café filtrado seguindo os padrões da ABIC. Foram utilizados grãos de café (Coffea arabica L.) classificados como bebida dura, obtidos da Cooperativa Agrícola Alto Rio Grande no município de Lavras, MG. O isolamento dos fungos foi realizado pela Técnica de Plaqueamento Direto em meio dicloran rosa de bengala cloranfenicol (DRBC). Os fungos isolados foram purificados e identificados em meios de cultura e temperatura padronizados. O potencial ocratoxigênico dos isolados foi determinado pelo método Plug Agar. A inoculação dos grãos de café com Aspergillus ochraceus foi realizada utilizando-se uma suspensão de esporos de 107 UFC/ml. As amostras foram torradas em três pontos diferentes de torração (clara, média e escura) e moídas em três tipos diferentes de granulometria (fina, média e grossa). A quantificação de OTA nos grãos de café cru contaminado e grãos de café torrado e moído foi realizada pelo método de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC). Dos grãos analisados no plaqueamento direto, 97% encontravam-se contaminados com fungos. Destes, 83% foram identificados como pertencentes à Seção Circumdati e 14% como fungos pertencentes à Seção Nigri. Dos 35 isolados testados, 57% foram produtores de OTA, sendo todos identificados como Aspergillus ochraceus. Os resultados revelaram que a OTA foi detectada em 100% das amostras, com concentrações variando de 108,327 μg/kg a 3,059 μg/kg. Em todos os tratamentos foi possível observar uma diferença significativa nos valores residuais de OTA. Tratamentos com granulometria grossa apresentaram menor valor residual de OTA. A interação torração escura com qualquer tipo de granulometria estudada foi a que apresentou os menores valores médios de concentração de OTA, sendo a combinação torração escura e granulometria grossa o tratamento com menor concentração da toxina com 3,060 μg/kg. Esta amostra continha, em média, 2,83% de OTA residual, obtendo uma redução de 97,17% de OTA. A torração média sofreu maior influência dos diferentes tipos de granulometria, uma vez que apresentou maior diferença entre a estimativa das médias da granulometria fina com a grossa. Os resultados deste estudo demonstram que não apenas a torração, mas a torração e a granulometria são importantes na concentração residual de OTA em grãos de café torrado e moído.
The loss of control over the supply chain can cause undesirable changes in the characteristics of the grains, allowing contamination and toxigenic fungi. The study was conducted under controlled conditions, in order to study the effect of different roasting degrees and types of grain size on the concentration of ochratoxin A in roasted coffee beans and ground coffee, for a coffee drink filtered according to the standards of ABIC. We used coffee beans (Coffea arabica L.) classified hard liquor, obtained from the Cooperativa Agrícola Alto Rio Grande in Lavras-MG. The isolation of fungi was made by Direct Plating Technique with Dichloran Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol (DRBC). The isolates were purified and identified in culture media and temperature standard. The ocratoxigenical potential was determined by Plug Agar. Inoculation of the coffee beans was made using a spore suspension of 107 CFU / ml. The samples were roasted at three different points of roasting (light, medium and dark) and ground into three different types of grain size (fine, medium and coarse). The quantification of OTA in contaminated raw coffee beans and roasted and ground coffee beans was performed by the method of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Of the grains analyzed in direct plating 97% were contaminated with fungi. Of these 83% were identified as belonging to the Section Circumdati and 14% as fungi belonging to Section Nigri. Of the 35 isolates tested, 57% were OTA producers, all identified as Aspergillus ochraceus. The results showed that the OTA were detected in 100% of the samples, with concentrations ranging from 108.327 μg/Kg to 3.059 μg/Kg. In all treatments was possible to observe a significant difference in residual values of OTA. Treatments with coarse showed less residual value of OTA. The interaction of dark roast coffee with any type of particle size studied was the one with the lowest average concentration of OTA. As the dark roasted combination coarse treatment with a lower concentration of the toxin with 3.060 μg/kg. This sample contained on average 2.83% of residual OTA, obtaining a reduction of 97.17% of OTA. The medium roast suffered the greatest influence of different particle size, since biggest difference between the estimate of the mean particle size with fine to coarse. The results of this study demonstrate that not only the roasting, but roasting and grain size are important in the residual concentration of OTA in roasted coffee beans and ground coffee.
The loss of control over the supply chain can cause undesirable changes in the characteristics of the grains, allowing contamination and toxigenic fungi. The study was conducted under controlled conditions, in order to study the effect of different roasting degrees and types of grain size on the concentration of ochratoxin A in roasted coffee beans and ground coffee, for a coffee drink filtered according to the standards of ABIC. We used coffee beans (Coffea arabica L.) classified hard liquor, obtained from the Cooperativa Agrícola Alto Rio Grande in Lavras-MG. The isolation of fungi was made by Direct Plating Technique with Dichloran Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol (DRBC). The isolates were purified and identified in culture media and temperature standard. The ocratoxigenical potential was determined by Plug Agar. Inoculation of the coffee beans was made using a spore suspension of 107 CFU / ml. The samples were roasted at three different points of roasting (light, medium and dark) and ground into three different types of grain size (fine, medium and coarse). The quantification of OTA in contaminated raw coffee beans and roasted and ground coffee beans was performed by the method of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Of the grains analyzed in direct plating 97% were contaminated with fungi. Of these 83% were identified as belonging to the Section Circumdati and 14% as fungi belonging to Section Nigri. Of the 35 isolates tested, 57% were OTA producers, all identified as Aspergillus ochraceus. The results showed that the OTA were detected in 100% of the samples, with concentrations ranging from 108.327 μg/Kg to 3.059 μg/Kg. In all treatments was possible to observe a significant difference in residual values of OTA. Treatments with coarse showed less residual value of OTA. The interaction of dark roast coffee with any type of particle size studied was the one with the lowest average concentration of OTA. As the dark roasted combination coarse treatment with a lower concentration of the toxin with 3.060 μg/kg. This sample contained on average 2.83% of residual OTA, obtaining a reduction of 97.17% of OTA. The medium roast suffered the greatest influence of different particle size, since biggest difference between the estimate of the mean particle size with fine to coarse. The results of this study demonstrate that not only the roasting, but roasting and grain size are important in the residual concentration of OTA in roasted coffee beans and ground coffee.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Aspergillus, Fungos toxigênicos, Segurança alimentar, Qualidade, Micotoxinas
Citação
OLIVEIRA, G. Efeito de diferentes pontos de torração e tipos de granulometria na concentração de ocratoxina “A” em grãos de café. 2012. 86 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência dos Alimentos) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras. 2012..